Topic
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
About: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1115 publications have been published within this topic receiving 45937 citations. The topic is also known as: HPAP & SPENCDI.
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TL;DR: Observations suggest that osteoclastogenesis in the alveolar bone, which is essential for the accommodation of normal tooth development, is mediated by RANK-RANKL signaling.
Abstract: To accommodate developing tooth germ in the alveolar bone, active bone resorption and the recruitment of numerous osteoclasts are essential. Recently, the signaling of receptor activator of nuclear factor-KappaB (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL) was reported to play a pivotal role in osteoclast formation and activation. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of RANKL and the contribution of RANK-RANKL signaling to the process of tooth germ and alveolar bone development. In situ hybridization showed RANKL was expressed in dental follicle cells and osteoblasts on the alveolar bone surface surrounding developing tooth germs. To elucidate the function of RANKL, mouse mandibular explants on embryonic day 14 were subjected to organ culture with osteoprotegerin (OPG), an inhibitor of RANK-RANKL signaling as a decoy receptor of RANKL. Many tooth germs were compressed with the surrounding bone tissue in the OPG-treated explants, whereas these abnormalities were not seen in untreated explants. The numbers of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclastic cells aligning on the alveolar bone surface were significantly decreased in OPG-treated explants compared with untreated explants. Moreover, TRAP-positive osteoclastic cells were not observed along the alveolar bone surfaces depressing tooth germs. These observations suggest that osteoclastogenesis in the alveolar bone, which is essential for the accommodation of normal tooth development, is mediated by RANK-RANKL signaling.
31 citations
TL;DR: The differences in substrate affinity and catalytic activity were abolished and partially restored, respectively, by proteolytic cleavage in the loop domain, indicating that the extent of N-glycosylation influences the interaction of the repressive loop domain with catalytically important residues.
31 citations
TL;DR: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour, and mainly affects adolescents and young adults and there has been substantial improvement in management with surgery and chemotherapy over the past two decades.
Abstract: Objectives Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumour, and mainly affects adolescents and young adults. Although there has been substantial improvement in management of OS with surgery and chemotherapy, further survival increase has not been achieved over the past two decades.
Methods We focused on the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)–osteoclast (OCL) system as a biological target for OS. RANKL is a critical factor for OCL formation and bone resorption activity. The primary lesion in bone and ensuing metastasis in OS both require the induction of OCLs. RANK-Fc is a potent RANKL antagonist and inhibitor of OCL formation and activity.
Key findings In an orthotopic model in Balb/c nu/nu mice, a twice weekly dosing regimen of 350 μg of RANK-Fc per mouse subcutaneously (n= 5) reduced lung metastasis (P > 0.05), preserved bone structure and reduced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)+ OCLs (P < 0.005) in OS-bearing bone. In vitro, RANK-Fc suppressed OCL formation (P < 0.005), bone resorption activity (P < 0.005) and RANKL-induced anti-apoptosis (P < 0.5) of OCLs.
31 citations
TL;DR: The results unveiled the first evidence that B-1 cells have a role in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption and offer new insights in the relationship between bone and lymphoid cells.
30 citations
TL;DR: Human tumour-associated macrophages isolated from primary lung carcinomas were incubated on bone slices where they formed resorption lacunae after 14 days co-culture with a mouse marrow-derived stromal cell line (ST2) with added 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 and dexamethasone, and TAMs may directly contribute to the bone Resorption associated with skeletal metastasis.
Abstract: Cellular mechanisms of bone resorption associated with skeletal metastasis are poorly understood. Human tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) isolated from primary lung carcinomas were incubated on bone slices where they formed resorption lacunae after 14 days co-culture with a mouse marrow-derived stromal cell line (ST2) with added 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 and dexamethasone. These co-cultures were associated with the formation of increased numbers of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase positive mononuclear and multinucleated cells. Similar cocultures of ST2 cells with normal alveolar macrophages did not result in lacunar resorption. Both in the presence and absence of ST2 cells, TAMs and normal alveolar macrophages produced roughening of the bone surface with exposure of mineralised collagen fibres. TAMs are capable of both low-grade surface resorption and high-grade lacunar resorption of bone, and a specific interaction with stromal cells is necessary for the latter to occur. TAMs may thus directly contribute to the bone resorption associated with skeletal metastasis.
30 citations