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Temperature gradient
About: Temperature gradient is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 10438 publications have been published within this topic receiving 160931 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the free constants in several interpolation formulas can be adjusted to give excellent fits to the wind and temperature gradient data, and the behavior of the gradients under neutral conditions is unusual, however, and indicates that von Karman's constant is ∼0.35, rather than 0.40 as usually assumed, and that the ratio of eddy diffusivities for heat and momentum at neutrality is ∼1.0.
Abstract: Wind and temperature profiles for a wide range of stability conditions have been analyzed in the context of Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. Direct measurements of heat and momentum fluxes enabled determination of the Obukhov length L, a key independent variable in the steady-state, horizontally homogeneous, atmospheric surface layer. The free constants in several interpolation formulas can be adjusted to give excellent fits to the wind and temperature gradient data. The behavior of the gradients under neutral conditions is unusual, however, and indicates that von Karman's constant is ∼0.35, rather than 0.40 as usually assumed, and that the ratio of eddy diffusivities for heat and momentum at neutrality is ∼1.35, compared to the often-suggested value of 1.0. The gradient Richardson number, computed from the profiles, and the Obukhov stability parameter z/L, computed from the measured fluxes, are found to be related approximately linearly under unstable conditions. For stable conditions the Richar...
3,177 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a universal constitutive equation between the heat flux vector and the temperature gradient is proposed to cover the fundamental behaviors of diffusion, wave, phonon-electron interactions, and pure phonon scattering.
Abstract: A universal constitutive equation between the heat flux vector and the temperature gradient is proposed to cover the fundamental behaviors of diffusion (macroscopic in both space and time), wave (macroscopic in space but microscopic in time), phonon-electron interactions (microscopic in both space and time), and pure phonon scattering The model is generalized from the dual-phase-lag concept accounting for the laging behavior in the high-rate response While the phase lag of the heat flux captures the small-scale response in time, the phase lag of the temperature gradient captures the small-scale response in space The universal form of the energy equation facilitates identifications of the physical parameters governing the transition from one mechanism (such as diffusion or wave) to another (the phonon-electron interaction)
1,435 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a nonequilibrium molecular dynamics method for calculating the thermal conductivity is presented, which reverses the usual cause and effect picture, where the effect, the heat flux, is imposed on the system and the cause, the temperature gradient, is obtained from the simulation.
Abstract: A nonequilibrium molecular dynamics method for calculating the thermal conductivity is presented. It reverses the usual cause and effect picture. The “effect,” the heat flux, is imposed on the system and the “cause,” the temperature gradient is obtained from the simulation. Besides being very simple to implement, the scheme offers several advantages such as compatibility with periodic boundary conditions, conservation of total energy and total linear momentum, and the sampling of a rapidly converging quantity (temperature gradient) rather than a slowly converging one (heat flux). The scheme is tested on the Lennard-Jones fluid.
1,256 citations
TL;DR: A novel lattice Boltzmann thermal model is proposed for studying thermohydrodynamics in incompressible limit that can incorporate viscous heat dissipation and compression work done by the pressure, in contrast to the passive-scalar-based thermal latticeboltzmann models.
1,243 citations
01 Oct 1948
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that under certain conditions convective flow may occur in fluid which permeates a porous stratum and is subject to a vertical temperature gradient, on the assumption that the flow obeys Darcy's law.
Abstract: It is shown that under certain conditions convective flow may occur in fluid which permeates a porous stratum and is subject to a vertical temperature gradient, on the assumption that the flow obeys Darcy's law. The criterion for marginal stability is obtained for three sets of boundary conditions, and the motion described. If such convection occurs in a stratum through which a bore-hole passes, the usual method of calculation of the heat flow must be modified, but in general the correction will not be large.
1,234 citations