Showing papers on "Ternary operation published in 1977"
TL;DR: In this paper, a computer simulation of the metal-ion binding to low-molecular-weight ligands in human blood plasma was performed, and the results showed that ternary zinc citrate complexes were more important than binary complexes.
Abstract: An investigation by computer simulation into the nature of the metal-ion binding to low-molecular-weight ligands in human blood plasma is described. Although the absolute concentrations of the metal-complex species are controlled by protein binding, the percentage distribution of transition-metal ions amongstthe low-molecular-weight ligands is not. Hence errors arising from the omission of protein–metal equilibria are successfully by-passed. The distribution of Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Pb2+ amongst 5 000 complexes formed with 40 ligands has been computed. In order to cope with multicomponent systems of such a large size, a computer program has been developed. Ternary complexes account for the larger percentage of CuII and FeII species, all the former involving histidinate and all the latter, citrate. Binary complexes are favoured by CaII, MgII, and MnII. Zinc(II) and PbII form both binary and ternary complexes amongst the predominant species. In contrast with earlier work, ternary zinc citrate complexes are found to be important.
294 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Ramaman spectra of some ternary and quaternary glasses in the system Na2OCaO,MgO,Al2O3,SiO2 are presented.
Abstract: Raman spectra of some ternary and quaternary glasses in the system Na2OCaOMgOAl2O3SiO2 are presented. The spectra are interpreted in terms of the structural alteration of the glass as the composition is altered from the binary end members to more complicated glasses. Addition of CaO and MgO to soda-silica glasses act only to increase the disorder of the network slightly. Addition of Al2O3 greatly modifies the network. In some soda-lime-aluminosiliscate compositions an estimate can be made of the amount of aluminum in four- and six-fold coordination. It is shown that the amounts of four- and sixfold coordinated aluminum depend on the glass composition.
225 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new composition path, Xi-Xj=constant, is suggested for the semi-empirical calculation of the thermodynamic properties of ternary substitutional solutions from binary data, when the binary systems show deviations from the regular solution model.
196 citations
TL;DR: Changes in dogfish M4 lactate dehydrogenase structures are suggestive of a domino effect whereby the closing of the loop on binding coenzyme and substrate triggers the critical reactive residues into assuming their catalytically active positions.
174 citations
166 citations
TL;DR: A new group of ternary borides has been found that show either ferromagnetism or superconductivity and their general formula is MRh(4)B(4).
Abstract: A new group of ternary borides has been found that show either ferromagnetism or superconductivity. Their general formula is MRh4B4 where M is a transition or rare-earth element. Their superconducting transition temperatures range from approximately 2.5 K for the Sm compound to approximately 12 K for the Lu compound.
159 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a ternary phase diagram for a micro-emulsion with hexadecyltrimethylammonium perchlorate was presented, showing that hexane, water, and 2-propanol can stabilize a microemulsified solution.
158 citations
124 citations
TL;DR: Initial rate kinetics of the formation of ternary complexes of Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunits, poly(uridylic acid), and N-acetylphenylalanyl transfer ribonucleic acid in the presence and in the absence of IF-3 are consistent with the hypothesis that the ternARY complex is formed through a random order of addition of polynucleotide and aminoacyl-tRNA to separate and independent binding sites on the 30
Abstract: Initial rate kinetics of the formation of ternary complexes of Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunits, poly(uridylic acid), and N-acetylphenylalanyl transfer ribonucleic acid in the presence and in the absence of IF-3 are consistent with the hypothesis that the ternary complex is formed through a random order of addition of polynucleotide and aminoacyl-tRNA to separate and independent binding sites on the 30S ribosomes. The transformation of an intermediate into a stable ternary complex which probably entails a rearrangement of the ribosome structure leading to a codon-anticodon interaction represents the rate-limiting step in the formation of the ternary complex. The rate constant of this transformation, as well as the association constants for the formation of the 30S-poly(U) and 30S-N-AcPhe-tRNA binary complexes, are enhanced by the presence of IF-3 which acts as a kinetic effector on reactions which are intrinsic properties of the 30S ribosome. The IF-3-induced modification of these kinetic parameters of the 30S ribosomal subunit can per se explain the effect of IF-3 on protein synthesis without invoking a specific action at the level of the mRNA-ribosome interaction. This seems to be confirmed by the finding that IF-3 can stimulate several-fold the formation of a ternary complex even if one by-passes the ribosome-template binding step by starting with a covalent 30S-polynucleotide binary complex. Furthermore, the above-mentioned changes induced by IF-3 appear to be compatible with the previously proposed idea that the binding of the factor modifies the conformation of the 30S subunit. The random order of addition of substrates determined for the 30S-N-AcPhe-tRNA-poly(U) model system was found to be valid also for the more physiological 30S initiation complex containing poly(A,U.G) and (fMet-tRNA formed at low Mg2+ concentration in the presence of GTP and all three initiation factors.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed study of the GaAs-Sb ternary phase diagram is presented, where liquidus temperatures have been measured by direct observation of the solutions, and layers then grown epitaxially on GaAs substrates.
Abstract: A detailed study is presented of the Ga‐As‐Sb ternary phase diagram. Liquidus temperatures have been measured between 700 and 900 °C by direct observation of the solutions, and layers then grown epitaxially on GaAs substrates. The nonequilibrium effect of constitutional supercooling on the compositions of the grown layers is investigated. Solidus compositions, from layers slowly grown to minimize this effect, are used together with the liquidus data to fit a calculated phase diagram. These results lead to the conclusion that GaAs1−xSbx is a borderline case between miscible and immiscible solid solutions. An accurate determination of the ternary band gap has been made as a function of composition over the range 0⩽x⩽0.2. The room‐temperature electrical properties of undoped, Te‐doped (n‐type), and Ge‐doped (p‐type) epilayers have also been determined.
TL;DR: In this paper, the products of cathodic reduction are ternary phases AxMo3X4 and Mo3S4 and they were found to undergo topotactic electron-ion exchange reactions at ambient temperatures in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes containing transition cations.
TL;DR: The structure of new ternaries rhodium borides has been determined and isomorphism with the corresponding ternary cobalt boride is established.
Abstract: The structure of new ternary rhodium borides has been determined. Isomorphism with the corresponding ternary cobalt borides is established.
TL;DR: In this paper, two necessary conditions for the existence of the combinations of azeotropes in ternary systems are presented, i.e., thermodynamic and topological conditions.
Abstract: Vapor-liquid equilibrium relationships in ternary systems can be classified according to the number and types of azeotropes in them. All combinations of azeotropes however cannot exist because of thermodynamic and topological constraints. Two necessary conditions for the existence of the combinations are presented in this paper. One is the thermodynamic condition expressed as the relation among boiling temperatures of the pure materials and azeotropes in the system. The other is the topological one given in terms of indices of singular points in the vector field composed of residue curves which represents topological properties of the vapor-liquid equilibrium relationship. By use of these conditions ternary systems are classified into 113 groups.
01 Mar 1977-Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science
TL;DR: The results of the present study are consistent with the conclusion that /gb-Mn is an electron phase as discussed by the authors, as suggested by the location and shape of phase fields, due to the relatively strong stabilization of the bcc phase in ternary systems.
Abstract: The results of the present study are consistent with the conclusion that /gb-Mn is an electron phase. The absence of the extended β-Mn and σ phases in the Mn-Ni-Al and Mn-V-Al systems, respectively, which can not be accounted for either by electron concentration or by atomic size, is, as suggested by the location and shape of the phase fields, due to the relatively strong stabilization of the bcc phase in these ternary systems. In all the four systems studied, pronounced stabilization of the bcc and the related CsCl type phase is observed. It appears from the above study that Al plays a significant role in the stabilization of the bcc phase in the transition element alloys.
TL;DR: In this paper, a photolyzed equilibria of binary or ternary combinations of tanthanides were studied with several photolytic sources until more than 90% of Eu3+ was reduced.
Abstract: Equimolar mixtures of binary or ternary combinations of tanthanides were studied with several photolytic sources. The solutions were photolyzed until more than 90% of Eu3+ was reduced. This is the first such study reported.(AIP)
TL;DR: The Natural Iteration (NI) method for ternary alloys has been proposed in this article for the pair approximation of the cluster-variation method, which converges regardless of the choice of the initial state and the free energy always decreases monotonically as the iteration progresses.
TL;DR: Ternary storage elements are realized using ternary operators and fundamental circuits, designed with the COS/MOS integrated circuits, and a divide-by-M ternARY counter which can be programmed is described.
Abstract: Ternary storage elements are realized using ternary operators and fundamental circuits, designed with the COS/MOS integrated circuits. Several ternary flip-flops (tri-flops) are constructed and described in detail: the PZN (set positive, set zero, and set negative), the clocked PZN, the D-type, and the T-type. Ternary shift registers and ring counter are formed by means of these tri-flops. A master-slave T-type tri-flop is used for the construction of a ternary up counter able to count from 0 to 3n using the normal ternary code or from -(3n-1)/2 to+(3n -1)/2 when the signed-ternary code is employed. With a small modification, a ternary down counter is also constructed. A divide-by-M ternary counter which can be programmed is described. A memory cell is designed for the construction of a ternary random-access-memory array (TRAM). A ternary decoder and encoder are presented to be the elements of a complete ternary read-only memory (TROM). A modified ternary inverter (MTI) is taken as a unit cell of the ternary memory matrix.
TL;DR: In this article, the phase diagrams of the binary systems Al-Li, Al-Mg and LiMg were calculated using the numerical method developed by Kaufman and Nesor.
Abstract: The numerical method developed by Kaufman and Nesor is applied to calculate the phase diagrams of the binary systems Al-Li, Al-Mg and Li-Mg. Information on the thermodynamics of the solution as well as on the thermodynamics of the binary compounds are derived and, when available, compared with experimental results. Isothermal sections of the ternary system, Al-Li-Mg are estimated at temperatures of interest for the lithium battery developed at Argonne National Laboratory (T = 648, 673, 723 and 773 K). The calculations of these sections are based mainly on information derived from the analyses of the binary subsystems. Until further experimental evidence is obtained on the stability and existence of ternary compounds in the temperature range of interest for us, we have not included any ternary compound in our computations.
01 Sep 1977-Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the structural and thermodynamic information and phase equilibria in the Cu-Fe-O system suggested that a consistent, quantitative description of the system is hampered by lack of data on activities in the spinel solid solution CuFe2O4-Fe3O4.
Abstract: A review of the structural and thermodynamic information and phase equilibria in the Cu-Fe-O system suggested that a consistent, quantitative description of the system is hampered by lack of data on activities in the spinel solid solution CuFe2O4-Fe3O4. Therefore the activity of Fe3O4 in this solid solution is derived from measurements of the oxygen potentials established at 1000°C by mixtures containing Fe2O3 and spinel solid solutions of known composition. The oxygen pressures were measured manometrically for solid solutions rich in CuFe2O4, while for Fe3O4-rich compositions the oxygen potentials were obtained by an emf technique. The activities show significant negative deviations from Raoult’s law. The compositions of the spinel solid solutions in equilibrium with CuO + CuFeO2 and Cu + CuFeO2 were obtained from chemical analysis of the solid solution after magnetic separation. The oxygen potential of the three-phase mixture Cu + CuFeO2 + Fe3O4(spinel s.s.) was determined by a solid oxide galvanic cell. From these measurements a complete phase diagram and consistent thermodynamic data on the ternary condensed phases, CuFeO2 and CuFeO2O4, were obtained. An analysis of the free energy of mixing of the spinel solid solution furnished information on the distribution of cations and their valencies between the tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the spinel lattice, which is consistent with X-ray diffraction, magnetic and Seebeck coefficient measurements.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors showed that the ternary system which is most stable at ordinary temperatures can be obtained by formulating the stearyl alcohol with cetyl alcohol.
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of phase diagrams corresponding to Meijering's eight regular solution categories is made, showing that ordering must take place at sufficiently low temperature so that ordered phase regions must interact with miscibility gap boundaries, as shown by means of several examples calculated in the nearest-neighbor tetrahedron cluster variation approximation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the geometrical characteristics of Al4Ba-ThCu2Si2-type phases are discussed briefly in terms of reduced cell parameters (aRA), with special reference made to those ternary compounds of Th and U which have this type of structure; the data already known from the literature and those now obtained for 21 new compounds are considered.
Abstract: The geometrical characteristics of Al4Ba-ThCu2Si2-type phases are discussed briefly in terms of reduced cell parameters (aRA). Special reference is made to those ternary compounds of Th and U which have this type of structure; the data already known from the literature and those now obtained for 21 new compounds are considered.
TL;DR: In this paper, the presence of ternary sulfides was correlated with optimal electrochemical and mechanical characteristics. But the results of the analysis showed that these high solubilities were caused by the oxidation of copper(I) present in the ternaries compound, the reaction being Cu 2 S ⇌ CuS + Cu 2+ + 2e -.
TL;DR: In this article, the bond-orbital theory developed for the elemental and binary tetrahedral semiconductors has been extended for application to the ternary chalcopyrite structure.
Abstract: The bond‐orbital theory developed for the elemental and binary tetrahedral semiconductors has been extended for application to the ternary chalcopyrite structure. Using only bond‐orbital parameters defined and determined earlier for the corresponding binary systems we show that the theory is able to reproduce the known experimental data for the long‐wavelength electronic contribution to refractive index of the ternary systems with a rms accuracy of the order of 3%. We also report the experimental measurement of room‐temperature diamagnetic susceptibility for several chalcopyrites and use these data to test the bond‐orbital theory in the magnetic context. Again, we find that the theory is able to reproduce the experimental data (this time with a rms accuracy of about 4%) using only parameters defined for the corresponding binary systems. Finally, we give the bond‐orbital estimates for refractive index and diamagnetic susceptibility for the complete series of I‐III‐VI2 and II‐IV‐V2 ternary chalcopyrites.
TL;DR: The use of ion-association and co-ordination-unsaturated ternary complexes for the spectrofluorometric determination of trace elements is reviewed.
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic investigation has been made of some lyotropic mesophases (lyomesophases) which macroscopically orient in magnetic fields, and they have been classified into type I which have a positive diamagnetic anisotropy (Δχ > 0) and type II with Δχ ǫ < 0.
Abstract: A systematic investigation has been made of some lyotropic mesophases (lyomesophases) which macroscopically orient in magnetic fields. These mesophases have been classified into type I which have a positive diamagnetic anisotropy (Δχ > 0) and type II with Δχ < 0. The mesophase behavior has been observed as a function mainly of electrolyte additions to binary and ternary systems. The electrolyte has a profound effect on the mesophase behavior at extremely low concentrations. It has the effect in the ternary system, sodium decylsulphate/decanol/water, of converting a type I to a type II mesophase with less than 1 wt.% electrolyte. The addition of electrolytes to binary surfactant/water systems had the effect of increasing the mesomorphic region to higher water concentrations. In the case of sodium and cesium decylsulphate, and potassium laurate, these ternary mesophases were of type I and for decylammonium chloride of type II. The method used to distinguish mesophases and determine the degrees of order of w...