Showing papers on "Ternary operation published in 1979"

Diffusion‐controlled formation of porous structures in ternary polymer systems

Abstract: We propose a theory for the appearance of two-phase structures during the formation of polymer membranes from a casting solution immersed in a coagulant bath Our model is based on diffusion induced phase separation at the spinodal in the ternary nonsolvent-solvent-polymer system A simplified treatment of the interdiffusion process by the diffusion layer method permits the formulation of criteria for the formation of two-phase structures in the course of the solvent-coagulant exchange Our criteria are expressed in terms of the composition dependence of the chemical potentials in the stable and metastable region of the ternary phase diagram Comparison with experimental results shows qualitative similarities with theoretical predictions

Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamic Properties of Ternary Copper-Sulfur-Metal Systems

Abstract: Phase diagram and thermodynamic data for twenty ternary copper‐silver‐X alloy systems—where X represents Al,Au,Cd,Fe,Ge,In,Mg,Mn,Ni,P,Pb,Pd,Re,S,Sb,Se,Sn,Te,Ti or Zn—were compiled and critically evaluated. Of the twenty ternary systems, thermodynamic data are available for only the seven systems containing Au,Pb,Pd,S,Sn,Te and Zn. The high‐temperature phase relationships in the iron‐rich region of the Cu‐Fe binary system were also evaluated and a recommended phase diagram is presented.

The interaction of transition and rare earth metals with boron

Abstract: From our measurements on the R-M-B systems 47 phase equilibria diagrams were constructed and 142 new ternary borides were found. An analysis of the data we obtained showed that the number of ternary compounds in the R-M-B systems increases as the difference between the electronegativities of the transition and rare earth metals increases. The ternary borides of the R-M-B systems are characterized by the formation of new types of structure and by the formation of two homologous series, one based on the CaCu 5 -type and the CeCo 3 B 2 -type structures and the other on the MgZn 2 -type and the CeCo 3 B 2 -type structures.

Ternary phase diagrams of the manganese-titanium-iron and the aluminum-titanium-iron systems: A comparison of computer calculations with experiment☆☆☆

Abstract: Computer calculation of the isothermal sections in the MnTiFe and AlTiFe systems were carried out at 1273K by combining the previously published analytical descriptions of the FeTi, AlTi, FeAl,FeMn and TiMn binary systems. The calculations were carried out in two steps to provide some insight into the advantages and shortcomings of the technique. Initial calculations were conducted based on assumed compound trajectories from the binary systems into the ternary systems coupled with zero values for the ternary interaction parameters of ternary phases. As a second step experimental determination of selected portions of these systems was conducted to provide a check on the initial calculations and provide a basis for refinement. The final stage comprised recalculation of these ternary systems to improve the agreement between calculated and observed results. The final step provides some insight into the initial assumptions and also presents a rational means for extrapolating the current results to higher and lower temperatures.

On a Ternary Model of Gate Networks

Abstract: In this paper we formalize a ternary model which is being used to study the behavior of binary sequential gate networks. We first describe a binary model which is capable of a detailed description of network behavior, but involves a number of steps that grows exponentially in the number of gates. The complexity of the ternary model is linear in the number of gates;however, only partial information is obtained in generaL A mathematical theory is developed making precise these two models and the comparison between them. A number of examples illustrate these results. This work generalizes previously reported research.

Phase equilibria in the Ni- Ta-AI system

Abstract: An investigation has been made of the constitution of the Ni-Ta-AI system in the composition range ∼ 50–100 at.-% nickel; in this range isothermal sections of the ternary phase diagram have been determined for temperatures of 1523 and 1273 K. The main technique has been the determination of tie-line and tie-triangle data by electron microprobe analysis; microscopy and X-ray diffraction have also been used. The part of the system studied contained nickel-rich solid solution γ intermediate phases based on the following binary compounds: γ′(Ni3AI), β(NiAI), Ni8Ta, δ(Ni3Ta), Ni2Ta, μ(NiTa); and also three ternary intermediate phases η(Ni6TaAI), H(Ni2TaAI), and NiTaAl. Lattice parameter data for some of these phases have been determined. The phase Ni6TaAI has been found to show a substantial range of solubility for nickel and to enter into equilibria with the following phases γ, γ′, β, δ and Ni8Ta. Evidence has been obtained of the occurrence of a peritectoid reaction β + → H + NiTaAl.

Metastable order-disorder transition and sigma phase formation in Fe-V binary alloys

Abstract: The influence of binary and ternary alloying compositions and heating rate on theσ formation reaction are studied. Several ways are developed to supress the stableα phase formation and to understand the metastable CsCl-type order-disorder transition in Fe-V alloys. The Fe-V ordered phase has a metastable critical transition temperature of between 850 and 880° C at equiatomic composition, and the so called “650° C anomaly” corresponds to the 550° C anomaly in Fe-Co alloys. Theσ formation reaction does not commence most easily at equiatomic composition but at the iron-rich side of the 40 at. % V alloy. The Influence of ternary alloying additions on theσ formation in Fe-V alloys depends on the relative stabilities of the binaryσ phase with iron or vanadium.

Computation of Ternary Molten Salt Phase Diagrams

Abstract: The thermodynamic properties of all phases in the 15 binary systems formed among the salts LiCl, NaCl, KCI, MgCl2, CaCl2, and SrCl2, were obtained and expressed in mathematical form by a critical analysis of the measured binary phase diagrams and of published binary thermodynamic data. Interpolation procedures were then used to estimate the thermodynamic properties of the 20 ternary systems formed among the 6 salts and all 20 ternary phase diagrams were calculated using a computer program designed for the purpose. Agreement with the measured phase diagrams for the 8 ternary systems for which measured diagrams are available is good.

Silicide formation with bilayers of Pd-Pt, Pd-Ni, and Pt-Ni

Abstract: Evaporated two-layered thin films of Pd-Ni, Pt-Ni, and Pt-Pd on single-crystal Si have been vacuum annealed in the temperature range 200–900°C. The sequence of films as well as substrate orientation have been varied. The silicide formation has been studied by MeV He + backscattering spectrometry and glancing angle x-ray diffraction. The silicide layers are highly inhomogeneous in the elemental depth distribution for annealing below 600°C. Above 700°C, the distributions become homogeneous. The silicide-substrate interface shows varying sharpness depending upon substrate orientation and evaporation sequence. We suggest the existence of ternary monosilicides of the type Pt1–xPdxSi, Pt1–xNixSi, and Pd1–xNixSi. The Pt1–xPdxSi ternary silicide is stable up to 900°C; the others are not.

Superconductivity of ternary rare-earth compounds

Abstract: A theoretical discussion of ternary rare-earth compounds which enter the superconducting state at a temperature T c 1, then ferromagnetically order at T M < T c1,is given. The local moments of the rare-earth elements couple to the superconducting electrons so that as T M is approached from above, the growth of spin fluctuations suppresses the superconductivity, then completely destroys it at T c2(>T M ).Expressions for the phase diagram, several thermodynamic quantities, the upper critical field, and the dilution effect are derived.

Ternäre Chalkogenide M3M2′X2 mit Shandit-Struktur / Ternary Chalcogenides M3M2′X2 with Shandite-Type Structure

Abstract: Abstract Metal-rich ternary chalcogenides M3M2′X2 (M = Ni, Co, Pd, Rh; M′ = In, Tl, Pb, Sn; X = S, Se) with Shandite-type structure were synthesized from mixtures of the elements and/or binary components. A single-crystal investigation on Co3ln2S2 verifies the rhombohedral unit cell of Shandite-type compounds, originally postulated by Peacock and McAndrew (Crystal data for Co3ln2S2: Rhombohedral, space group R3̄m; a = 549,31 (6) pm, a = 57.89°, Z= 1; 3 Co in 3d, 1 In(l) in 1 a, 1 In(2) in 1 b, 2 S in 2c with x = 0.2790).

Rectification at N-N GaAS: (Ga, Al)As heterojunctions

Abstract: n-n Ga07Al03As: GaAs heterojunction structures have been grown by lpe, with 1 × 1015 cm-3 net carriers in the ternary N/W profiling across the heterojunction shows an accumulation region on the GaAs side and a depletion region on the (Ga, Al)As side I/V characteristics at room temperature show significant rectification

Comparison of methods for thermodynamic calculation of phase diagrams

Abstract: The general features of the organization of the computational aspects of equilibrium diagrams are reviewed. The equations which are used to calculate the thermodynamic properties of mixing of the multicomponent phases are described. The different methods used to calculate binary and ternary systems are discussed as well as the numerical methods. Some applications to different types of solidification processes are presented together with the corresponding flow charts. A compilation of the computed phase diagrams indicating the type of model that has been applied is provided.

Refractive index and density of Li-, Na- and K-germanosilicate glasses

Abstract: Refractive index and density measurements in the ternary systems Li2O-SiO2-GeO2, Na2O-SiO2-GeO2 and K2O-SiO2-GeO2 are given. Molar refraction data are correlated to the structure of these glasses. In the Li2O-SiO2-GeO2 system, phase separation occurs which can be suppressed by rapid cooling. In the systems Na2O-SiO2-GeO2 and K2O-SiO2-GeO2 no such phase separation is observed; in these systems the molar refraction data indicate that, contrary to the Li2O-SiO2-GeO2 system, the four-six co-ordination change of Ge4+ is not affected by the presence of SiO2 as second network former.