Showing papers on "Ternary operation published in 1986"
01 Dec 1986-Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science
TL;DR: In this paper, a semi-empirical model for the analysis of the thermodynamic properties of ordered liquid solutions such as slags has been developed, which are based upon modifications of the quasichemical theory, taking into account the concentration and temperature dependence of the solution properties of order systems and thus enhance the reliability of interpolations and extrapolations of data.
Abstract: A system of semi-empirical equations has been developed for the analysis of the thermodynamic properties of ordered liquid solutions such as slags. The equations, which are based upon modifications of the quasichemical theory, take into account the concentration and temperature dependence of the solution properties of ordered systems and thus enhance the reliability of interpolations and extrapolations of data. For binary systems, these equations have been coupled with an optimization computer program to analyze simultaneously all available thermodynamic data including phase diagrams, Gibbs energies and enthalpies of formation of compounds, activities, enthalpies of mixing, entropies of fusion, miscibility gaps,etc. In this manner, data for several binary slag systems have been analyzed. In the present article, analyses for the CaO-SiO2, FeO-SiO2, and CaO-FeO systems are presented. The resulting equations represent all the binary data, including the phase diagrams, essentially within experimental error limits. The calculations have been extended to ternary systems, thereby permitting ternary thermodynamic properties to be approximated solely from data from the subsidiary binary systems. Results for the SiO2-CaO-FeO system are in excellent agreement with measured ternary data.
369 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model for the packing density of multisized grains is presented, which is expressed as a function of the fractional solid volume of each grain size present.
346 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new method for the correlation and prediction of salt effects on VLE is proposed, which combines a term of the Debye-Huckel type with a modified UNIQUAC equation with concentration-dependent parameters.
291 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a simple ternary isothermal section for the Mo-V-W and Cd-Sn-Pb systems, which can be expressed as follows:
Abstract: The thermodynamic route of establishing phase diagrams is a relatively recent activity, considering that till about the fifties most phase diagrams were determined by the measurement of certain physical property or quantitative microscopy using light optics or x-ray diffraction. The thermodynamic formalism used by Kaufman and Bernstein is explained and illustrated with examples of the development of hypothetical binary phase diagrams. The calculation of ternary phase diagrams can begin with the binary phase diagram data as a first approximation. However, to calculate a reasonably accurate ternary phase diagram a certain amount of ternary solution data is necessary. Various empirical equations have been proposed in the literature to express ternary thermodynamic data. Calculation of simple ternary isothermal sections is illustrated with the examples of Mo-V-W and Cd-Sn-Pb systems. The numerical techniques which involve the differentiation of thermodynamic parameters with respect to composition get more involved with the number of components becoming 3 or more. A simpler approach has been applied recently to find the minimum position on the Gibbs free energy surface.
263 citations
TL;DR: In this article, experiments were made on binary and ternary mixtures of H2S, CO2, and C3H8 on H-mordenite molecular sieve zeolite at 30°C.
Abstract: Experimental gas-solid adsorption measurements were made on the binary and ternary mixtures of H2S, CO2, and C3H8 on H-mordenite molecular sieve zeolite at 30°C. The C3H8 containing binaries and the ternary mixture exhibited nonideal behavior, as evidenced by the azeotropelike crossovers in the composition domains and by the peaks in the total amount adsorbed surface. The ternary data were successfully predicted with the activity coefficients calculated by the spreading-pressure-dependent equation. Models that neglect the spreading-pressure dependence can only qualitatively predict the nonidealities.
254 citations
TL;DR: Expose de la methode de detection du point tricritique dans les systemes donnes as mentioned in this paper : Cas des systemes ou les huiles sont des alcanes et les composes amphiphiles: des ethers dalkyle de polyoxyethylenes
Abstract: Expose de la methode de detection du point tricritique dans les systemes donnes. Cas des systemes ou les huiles sont des alcanes et les composes amphiphiles: des ethers d'alkyle de polyoxyethylenes
199 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an equation relating interfacial tension to the equilibrium compositions of the liquid phases has been developed from an interfacial layer model, which has been successfully tested for correlating data for a large number of binary systems.
136 citations
TL;DR: This correspondence describes the fundamental properties and representations of the regular ternary logic functions.
Abstract: A special group of ternary functions, called regular ternary logic functions, are defined. These functions are useful in switching theory, programming languages, algorithm theory, and many other fields—if we are concerned with the indefinite state in such fields. This correspondence describes the fundamental properties and representations of the regular ternary logic functions.
127 citations
Patent•
08 Oct 1986
TL;DR: In this article, the system uses a 3B2T line code, where sets of three or triplets of binary digits are converted into pairs or duplets of ternary elements.
Abstract: The system uses a 3B2T line code, ie one in which sets of three or triplets of binary digits are converted into pairs or duplets of ternary elements All nine of the possible ternary duplets are used, in such a way that the same ternary duplet does not occur twice consecutively This is done in one version by using the ninth duplet 00 as a repeat indicator, and in the other version by a conversion process in which each conversion operation takes into account the result of the preceding operation
103 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the crystallization behavior of numerous amorphous alloys of iron-rich composition in the Nd-Fe-B system and observed ternary compounds in the ironrich corner.
Abstract: We have studied the crystallization behaviour of numerous amorphous alloys of iron-rich composition in the Nd-Fe-B system. Increasing the boron(iron) concentration leads to an increase (decrease) of the thermal stability. Increasing the neodymium concentration gives rise to a strong initial increase in the thermal stability but leads to a decrease at higher neodymium concentrations. Two novel ternary compounds were observed in the iron-rich corner of the Nd-Fe-B system. The compound Nd2Fe23B3 is cubic and orders magnetically at 655 K. The compound NdFe12B6 is hexagonal and its Curie temperature is 230 K. Both compounds are metastable and transform to equilibrium phases at temperatures near or above 1000 K.
99 citations
ARCO1
TL;DR: In this article, two kinds of processing have been used: (a) one-step mixing in which the three components were simultaneously introduced in the mixer; (b) two-stage mixing in where the two rubbers EPM and EPM-g-SA were separately premixed before the final mixing with PA6.
TL;DR: In this paper, the demixing behavior on cooling of ternary systems of cellulose acetate/solvent/water has been examined for CA concentrations up to 40 wt% CA in several solvents.
Abstract: The demixing behavior on cooling of ternary systems of cellulose acetate/solvent/water has been examined for CA concentrations up to 40 wt% CA in several solvents. Cloud points have been measured as a function of cooling rate. The rapid process of liquid - liquid demixing can be discriminated from the slow process of aggregate formation by examining the dependence of the cloud point on the cooling rate and by structure analysis of quenched solutions with scanning electron microscopy. The appearance of aggregate formation depends strongly on the type of solvent. Slow cooling of ternary solutions in which acetone is the solvent leads to aggregate formation long before liquid - liquid demixing occurs.
In addition, isothermal sol - gel transitions have been measured for quenched solutions at varying gelation times. It is concluded that gelation is not always preceded by aggregate formation.
TL;DR: Single columns, packed with a binary mixture of a cation and an anion exchanger gave similar Chromatographic results as the tandem columns and thus offered an alternative approach to the separation of both acidic and basic proteins in a single chromatographic run.
TL;DR: In this article, the magnetic properties of the intermetallic compounds CeT2Si2 and UT 2Si2 were investigated, with T a transition metal and T a d-electron.
TL;DR: In this article, a new density-dependent mixing rule with a cubic equation of state is proposed for modeling the experimental results, which reproduces quantitatively many features of the experimentally observed behavior.
TL;DR: The phase diagram of the ternary subsystem Ge-GeTe-Sb 2 Te 3 -Sb was investigated using differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry powder X-ray diffraction and metallographic techniques as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In this paper, the initial stages of the Pd-GaAs reactions are studied by high resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction and energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays.
TL;DR: In this paper, an apparatus has been constructed to measure mutual solubilities and vapor pressures for aqueous liquid systems in the region of 200°C, where both liquid phases are sampled and analyzed using gas chromatography.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the ternary diffusion equations are formulated in terms of both the square root matrix and the composition vector between terminal alloys, and it is shown that the location or occurrence of zero-flux planes and penetration curve extrema is independent of the magnitude of the composition vectors.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied alloys of the nominal compositions Nd 2 Fe 14 X (X = C, Si, Ge, Sn or Pb) by X-ray analysis and magnetic measurements.
TL;DR: In this paper, high-quality Raman spectra of orthorhombic sulfur (S) have been recorded at 40 K employing multiscanning conditions and several new features were detected, such as binary and ternary overtones and combinations of the SS stretching and S-S-S bending vibrations.
Abstract: High-quality Raman spectra of orthorhombic sulfur (S,) have been recorded at 40 K employing multiscanning conditions. Assignments are proposed for the many new features detected, especially binary and ternary overtones and combinations of the SS stretching and S-S-S bending vibrations. The anharmonicities of these particular modes are shown to be fairly small.
TL;DR: Zeck et al. as discussed by the authors investigated three binary and one ternary systems containing the components N2, C2H4 and CH3OH in a high-pressure phase equilibrium apparatus with vapor recirculation at temperatures 240 < T < 298 K and pressures 4 < p < 100 bar.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Flory-Huggins equation of state was modified to account for the tendency of amphiphile to concentrate between water-rich and alkane-rich domains.
Abstract: Certain ternary mixtures of ethoxylated alcohols, n-alkanes, and water at 25/sup 0/C separate at equilibrium into three liquid phases. The development of an amphiphile-rich middle phase is sensitive to alcohol molecular weight, alkane carbon number (ACN), and temperature. A middle phase arises when all three variables are adjusted such that the alcohol has no preference to partition into either an oleic or aqueous phase. A change in one of these variables yields a sequence of ternary phase diagrams in which the range of the three phases is from one critical tie line to a second. There are two distinct patterns, however, in which the critical tie lines arise. With a low molecular weight ethoxylated alcohol, both critical tie lines lie in the miscibility gap between water-rich and alkane-rich phases. With larger ethoxylated alcohols, however, one of the critical tie lines arises from the fusion of that miscibility gap with the critical point on a second one between water-rich and alcohol-rich phases. Both patterns are modeled well by modifying the Flory-Huggins equation of state to account for the tendency of amphiphile to concentrate between water-rich and alkane-rich domains, thereby attenuating or screening the enthalpic repulsion between water and alkane. The screeningmore » is expressed by a factor which is exponential in amphiphile concentration. The type of three-phase equilibria which arises from fusion of two miscibility gaps requires a pair of screening factors. Other available thermodynamic models appear incapable of approximating this second pattern of three-phase equilibria.« less
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of the liquidus surface and invariant reactions involving liquid has been made for solidification in the ternary Sn-Ag-Sb system.
Abstract: A survey of the liquidus surface and invariant reactions involving liquid has been made for solidification in the ternary Sn-Ag-Sb system. Differential thermal analysis and electron-beam microprobe analysis were used to measure liquidus temperatures and determine the composition of solid phases resulting from solidification. A liquidus projection and the composition of the phases coexisting at the two observed invariant reactions were determined. Ternary alloys based on the Sn-Ag-Sb system have been used as thermal fatigue-resistant solders where high heat loads must be dissipated. An analysis of the properties encountered from such solders is presented, based on the phase constitution resulting from the solidification behavior reported here.
TL;DR: In this article, the Ramaman spectra of ternary sodium aluminosphosphate glasses indicate that for glasses with Al2O3/P2O5 0.63, the glass network is mainly built up of AlPO4 groups.
Abstract: Raman spectra of ternary sodium aluminosphosphate glasses indicate that for glasses with Al2O3/P2O5 0.63, the glass network is mainly built up of AlPO4 groups.
TL;DR: In this article, the equilibrium vapor and liquid compositions and phase densities of two hydrogen-containing ternary systems and the hydrogen-n-pentane binary system were measured, and were used in conjunction with published pure component refractivity data to calculate the molar volumes of each phase.
TL;DR: In this article, a ternary phase diagram for the cuprous and cupric chromites at 1150 K and phase relations in air for the $Cu-Cr-o$ -$Cuo$ - $Cr_2o_3$ system as a function of temperature have been derived based on the new thermodynamic data.
Abstract: Thermodynamic properties of ternary compounds, cuprous and cupric chromites ($CuCro_2$ , $CuCr_2$ $o_4$ ), and oxygen potentials corresponding to three three-phase regions in the $Cu-Cr-o$ system have been measured in the temperature range 900 to 1350 K using a solid state galvanic cell incorporating calcia-stabilized zirconia. Cuprous chromite was found to be nearly stoichiometric. The compositions of non-stoichiometric cupric chromite saturated with $Cuo$ and $Cr_2o_3$ have been determined using electron microprobe and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The results of this study resolve discrepancies in Gibbs" energies of cuprous and cupric chromites reported in the literature. A ternary phase diagram for the $Cu-Cr-o$ system at 1150 K and phase relations in air for the $Cu_2o$ - $Cuo$ - $Cr_2o_3$ system as a function of temperature have been derived based on the new thermodynamic data. The phase diagram given in the literature is found to be inaccurate.
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-phase region dihydride-monohydride is obtained for 40-80 at.% Ta. The lattice parameters show a small positive deviation from Vegard's rule.
Abstract: All Nb-V alloys can be hydrided up to the cubic dihydride (Nb, V)H≈2 phase. The lattice parameters show a small positive deviation from Vegard's rule. Nb-V monohydrides (Nb, V)H≈1 crystallize with a b.c.c. structure between Nb0.1V0.9H≈1 and Nb0.7V0.3H≈1. Ta-V alloys can be hydrided up to the cubic dihydride (Ta, V)H≈2 if the tantalum content does not exceed 30 at.%. A two-phase region dihydride-monohydride is obtained for 40–80 at.% Ta. Ta-V monohydrides (Ta, V)H≈1 crystallize with a b.c.c. structure between Ta0.1V0.9H≈1 and Ta0.7V0.3H≈1 and with a body-centred tetragonal structure around Ta0.8V0.2H≈1. Three hydride phases have been found in the Laves phase TaV2-H system.