Showing papers on "Ternary operation published in 1987"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived boundary conditions for the isothermal diffusion processes in the coagulation bath and in the polymer solution after immersion of a cast (ternary) polymer solution into a (binary) coagulated bath and expressed the mass transfer in terms of thermodynamic driving forces and frictional coefficients.
374 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the ion-interaction model of Pitzer and co-workers to predict mineral solubilities in binary and ternary electrolyte mixtures in the system NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-H2O.
306 citations
TL;DR: The literature pertaining to the first-row transition metal ternary oxides of the type LiMO2 with M = Sc-Cu, is reviewed in this article, where the relation of the d-orbital contraction to the intercation separation as the series is traversed appears to be the critical factor in producing the wide variety of magnetic behaviors within the series.
240 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a methanol synthesis reaction from CO2 + H2 was carried out under a pressure of 50 atm and at a W/F of 0.0035 g min ml−1 over various binary and ternary catalysts containing copper oxide.
173 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the magnetic and structural properties of RTiFe ternary alloy system were investigated and it was found that the alloy includes a new compound having the ratio of R to Ti to Fe of 1:1:10 and tetragonal structure.
Abstract: The magnetic and structural properties of RTiFe ternary alloy system were investigated. It was found that the alloy includes a new compound having the ratio of R to Ti to Fe of 1:1:10 and tetragonal structure. The SmTiFe 10 compound has a high saturation magnetization and magnetic anisotropy. It was also found that the same compound takes place in Sm-Ti-Co system.
166 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the magnetic properties of a series of ternary compounds of the composition RFe 10 V 2 (R ≡ Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu and Y) X-ray diffraction showed that these materials crystallize in the tetragonal ThMn 12 structure.
Abstract: We have studied the magnetic properties of a series of novel ternary compounds of the composition RFe 10 V 2 (R ≡ Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu and Y) X-ray diffraction showed that these materials crystallize in the tetragonal ThMn 12 structure The Curie temperature falls into the range 483 to 616 K From high-field magnetic measurements made at 42 K on aligned powders it was derived that the iron sublattice anisotropy is about 4 T, while the rare earth sublattice anisotropy is comparatively low in most of the compounds studied
163 citations
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01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model of liquid-liquid equilibria in binary systems and quantitatively calculate the parameters of the empirical relationship for the excess Gibbs energy for heterogeneous systems.
Abstract: I. The Basis of the Thermodynamic Description of Non-Electrolyte Solutions. Introduction. Basic thermodynamic relationships. Equilibrium conditions at constant temperature and pressure. Conditions for thermodynamic stability and the critical point. The nonclassical behaviour of systems in the critical region. Empirical and semi-empirical equations for the concentration dependence of the Gibbs energy. The dependence of the excess Gibbs energy on temperature. II. Liquid-Liquid Equilibria in Binary Systems. The shape of the equilibrium curve (liquid-liquid equilibrium) for binary systems. Description of the behaviour of binary systems using the relationship for a strictly regular solution. Calculation of the compositions of coexisting phases in a binary system. Calculation of the parameters of the empirical relationships for the excess Gibbs energy for heterogeneous systems. Parameter calculation in empirical relationships for the Gibbs energy for homogeneous binary systems. III. Liquid-Liquid Equilibria in Ternary and Multi-Component Systems. The shape of the equilibrium curve (envelope) in ternary and quaternary systems. The concentration dependence of the excess Gibbs energy for multi-component systems. Modelling of liquid-liquid equilibria in ternary systems. Calculation of the compositions of coexisting phases in multi-component systems. Calculation of the critical point. Calculation of the parameters in the empirical relationships for the excess Gibbs energy from data on liquid-liquid equilibria in ternary systems. Prediction of liquid-liquid equilibria and empirical relationships used to describe liquid-liquid equilibria in ternary systems. Experimental determination of liquid-liquid equilibria. Appendices. References. Index.
152 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a thermodynamic model for ternary systems consisting of ionic surfactant-long-chain alcohol-water was presented, and the phase equilibria were determined by deriving explicit expressions for the chemical potentials of the three components and using the criterion that they should be equal for phases in equilibrium.
Abstract: A thermodynamic model is presented for ternary systems consisting of ionic surfactant-long-chain alcohol-water. The important contributions to the model free energy are (i) an electrostatic term; (ii) a free energy term; (iii) four entropy terms; (iv) constraints imposed by molecular packing restrictions; and (v) a hydration force. The free energy expressions are developed for (spherical) micellar solutions, normal hexagonal liquid crystals, lamellar liquid crystals, reversed hexagonal liquid crystals, and inverted (spherical) micellar solutions. For all these types of phases the aggregate geometries are optimized and the relative stabilities are determined. The phase equilibria are determined by deriving explicit expressions for the chemical potentials of the three components and using the criterion that they should be equal for phases in equilibrium. The model gives a nearly quantitative description of the equilibria in the test system potassium decanoate-octanol-water. The general conclusions are (i) at high ratios of ionic surfactant to alcohol the dominating factor is the electrostatics, with an additional effect from the fact that the alcohol decreases the free energy of the polar-apolar interface; (ii) the stability of the inverted micellar system is greatly influenced by the entropy of mixing between the palisade layer and the bulk alcohol medium; (iii) atmore » low water contents one has to invoke the occurrence of a hydration force.« less
144 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, modified quasichemical equations were developed for the analysis of the thermodynamic properties of structurally ordered liquid solutions, which are well suited for use with molten silicates.
135 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the phase relations of the ternary system Cu-In-Se were studied at 750°C by quenching experiments and the region CuInSe2In2Se3-In4Se3.
Abstract: The phase relations of the ternary system Cu-In-Se were studied at 750° C by quenching experiments. Special attention was given to the region CuInSe2In2Se3-In4Se3. Only four ternary phases with extended homogeneity ranges were found to exist. They were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, electron microprobe analysis (EK8PA)' end optical microscopy. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) investigations allowed us to construct theT-x diagram of the Cu2Se-In2Se3. out between 47 and 100 mol% In2Se3. Besides, it was also possible to give a tentative diagram of the solid-liquid equilibria at 750° C and to get some information on the sub-solid existence fields beside the Cu2Se-In2Se3 cut.
126 citations
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: In this article, the authors grouped 81 papers under the headings of ternary systems and device applications of Ternary semiconductors, including the following: A/sup I/B/sup III/C/sub 4/sup VI/ chalcopyrite compounds.
Abstract: These proceedings contain 81 papers grouped under the headings of Ternary systems; Device applications of ternary semiconductors; A/sup I/B/sup III/C/sub 2//sup VI/ chalcopyrite compounds; Growth and synthesis of ternary compounds; Ternary A/sup II/B/sub 2//sup III/C/sub 4//sup VI/ compounds; Spinels ordered vacancy compounds, etc; Long range ordering in pseudobinary alloys; Ternary phases; More ordering and alloys; Defect chemistry in ternaries; Magnetic ternary compounds; Non-adamantine and other ternary compounds
TL;DR: In this paper, an internal sealed liquidus crucibles were used to determine the solubility of C in Al and Si in the range 1700° to 2150°C and isothermal sections for the ternary system at 2000° and 2150 °C.
Abstract: The Al-C, Si-C, and Al-Si-C systems were investigated by metallography, X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe, and thermal analysis. Internally sealed liquidus crucibles were used to determine the solubility of C in Al and Si in the range 1700° to 2150 °C and isothermal sections for the ternary system at 2000° and 2150 °C. The isopleth Al4C3-SiC, determined in the range 1900° to 2300 °C, was found to contain the ternary intermediate phases 2A14C3 · SiC and A14C3 · SiC, which decompose incongruently at 2085° and 2080 °C, respectively. The incongruent decomposition temperature of A14C3 (2156 °C) was confirmed. A phase reported by others with the stoichiometry Al4C3-2SiC was not confirmed. A partial liquidus surface was mapped from the carbon solubility and thermal analysis measurements.
TL;DR: In this article, a new evaluation of the C−Fe−W system was made using a magnetic two-sublattice subregular model for the interstitial solution phases, a multi-sub-attice model for intermetallic phases and ternary carbides, and an ordinary subregular solution model for liquid phase.
Abstract: A new evaluation of the C−Fe−W system has been made using a magnetic two-sublattice subregular model for the interstitial solution phases, a multi-sublattice model for intermetallic phases and ternary carbides, and an ordinary subregular solution model for the liquid phase. A set of parameters describing the Gibbs energy of each phase is given.
TL;DR: In this paper, magnetic moments of about 3μB/U at high temperature and U-U distances from 3.51 to 4.68 A were measured for several equiatomic ternary intermetallic compounds of formula RTX with R = U, Th, Hf and Ti, T a transition metal (Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt and Au), and X = Al, Ga, Sn and Sb).
TL;DR: In this article, it was proved that a composition of the form (Ti, Al)N grows up a TiN lattice with decreasing lattice parameters, up to 30 at.% aluminium.
IBM1
TL;DR: In this article, the compatibility relationships between compounds, including the newly discovered superconducting Y1Ba2Cu3Ox phase, in the Y2O3-BaO-CuO system at 950°C were reported.
Abstract: We report the compatibility relationships between compounds, including the newly discovered superconducting Y1Ba2Cu3Ox phase, in the Y2O3-BaO-CuO system at 950°C. In addition to the previously reported ternary compounds, there is a new compound with a composition YlBa3Cu2Ox. The new compound is a perovskite 'space group P4mm) with lattice parameters a =4.078 A (0.4078 nm) and c =4.01 A (0.401 nm). There are also at least two structurally distinguishable binary phases between barium oxide and the known BaCuO2, but they appear to be hygroscopic and are beyond our current capabilities of analysis.
TL;DR: Results of kinetic and equilibrium binding measurements suggest an important in vivo role for the Z-gene pseudooperator in repressor-operator binding; the formation of a ternary, looped complex is indicated by the influence of secondary operator sites on binding parameters.
TL;DR: In this paper, the structure of counterflow diffusions flames burning heptane, toluene, binary solutions of methanol and toluenes, and ternary solutions were characterized in the vicinity of extinction.
TL;DR: The hole lattice model for pure fluids and fluid mixtures of molecules differing in size and shape is presented in this article, where orientational effects are taken into account with the aid of the quasichemical approximation.
08 Jan 1987
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the mechanism of membrane formation by means of immersion precipitation, which results in an asymmetric polymer distribution and leads to metastable compositions in the immersed polymer solution film.
Abstract: In this thesis the mechanism of membrane formation by means of immersion precipitation is studied.
Immersion of a concentrated polymer solution film into a nonsolvent bath induces an exchange of solvent and nonsolvent in the film by means of diffusion. This process results in an asymmetric polymer distribution and leads to metastable compositions in the immersed polymer solution film. Demixing processes occur, yielding polymer rich and polymer lean entities in the film. When the exchange of solvent and nonsolvent is completed, a solidified film with a dense toplayer and a porous sublayer is obtained. The thin toplayer determines the permselectivity and the permeability of the membrane.
The objective of this study is to gain insight into diffusional mass transport and demixing phenomena occurring during the immersion precipitation process.
TL;DR: In this article, phase transformations occurring in the solutions H2O-NaCl-glycerol and H 2O-NCl-HES under nonequilibrium cooling and heating conditions were examined using the DSC method.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the asymmetric equations proposed by Scatchard, Toop, and Hillert to predict ternary excess enthalpies from the three binary mixtures involved.
Abstract: Methods for predicting ternary excess enthalpies from excess enthalpy data for the three binary mixtures involved are examined and tested for forty-two sets of ternary data. In order to study the relation between the performance of the methods and the characteristics of the components in the mixture, the sets of data were classified into four groups according to the chemical nature of their components. The asymmetric equations proposed by Scatchard, Toop, and Hillert are shown to provide accurate predictions. The ratio of the standard deviations between experimental and predicted excess enthalpies and the maximum absolute value of this magnitude is 0.05 or less for most of the systems. These equations are asymmetric with respect to the numbering of components. A rule is given for selecting which component is to be designated as component 1 for systems showing endothermic mixing, exothermic mixing, or a combination of endothermic and exothermic mixing. Correlation methods are also examined and a partial differential approximant is proposed to represent the ternary contribution to the excess enthalpy.
TL;DR: In this article, the crystal structure data of the actinide elements and of binary compounds of actinides with non-metallic elements (X) with binary lattice parameters are presented.
Abstract: This paper covers crystal structure data of the actinide elements and of binary compounds of actinides (An) with non-metallic elements (X). A few ternary compounds closely related to binary ones are included. The compounds are classified according to X:An ratios and to structure types. Tables list the known compounds and their lattice parameters for each structure type.
TL;DR: In this paper, a ternary system (PMMA-PECH-PEO) has been identified for which all three binary pairs are miscible, including poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(epichlorohydrin) and poly(ethylene oxide) pairs.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured liquid equilibrium relations (LLE) using double-walled glass cells and reported for four binary systems containing methanol (methanol - n-heptane, n-octane, N-nonane, and n-decane) in the 25 − 60 °C region.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated structure types in which each atomic position of the structure has the same near-neighbour environment and found that 2483 (99%) of these compounds crystallize in one of the five following general structure types: tetrahedron, octahedral, cubo-octahedron or rhombic dodecahedron.
Abstract: We have investigated structure types in which each atomic position of the structure has the same near-neighbour environment. We call these single-coordination types. 47 “classical” crystal structures of this single-coordination type exist which comprise 2511 binary, ternary and quaternary compounds. For 44 “classical” structure types we find that 2483 (99%) of these compounds crystallize in one of the five following general structure types: tetrahedron, octahedron, cubo-octahedron, rhombic dodecahedron or truncated hexagonal eclipsed bipyramid. Our three-dimensional structural-stability diagram separates these 2483 compounds into the five different general structure types with an accuracy of 97%.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of solvent-non-solvent mixtures on the glass transition temperature depression was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (d.s.c.) and found to be well described by a ternary form of the Kelley-Bueche equation.