Showing papers on "Ternary operation published in 2020"

Alloy-like ternary polymer solar cells with over 17.2% efficiency

Abstract: Ternary strategy has been considered as an efficient method to achieve high performance polymer solar cells (PSCs). A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.22% is achieved in the optimized ternary PSCs with 10 wt% MF1 in acceptors. The over 8% PCE improvement by employing ternary strategy is attributed to the simultaneously increased JSC of 25.68 mA cm−2, VOC of 0.853 V and FF of 78.61% compared with Y6 based binary PSCs. The good compatibility of MF1 and Y6 can be confirmed from Raman mapping, contact angle, cyclic voltammetry and morphology, which is the prerequisite to form alloy-like state. Electron mobility in ternary active layers strongly depends on MF1 content in acceptors due to the different lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of Y6 and MF1, which can well explain the wave-like varied FF of ternary PSCs. The third-party certified PCE of 16.8% should be one of the highest values for single bulk heterojunction PSCs. This work provides sufficient references for selecting materials to achieve efficient ternary PSCs.

One pot synthesis of CdS/BiOBr/Bi2O2CO3: A novel ternary double Z-scheme heterostructure photocatalyst for efficient degradation of atrazine

Abstract: In this study, a simple one-step hydrothermal method was developed for morphology controlled synthesis of CdS/BiOBr/Bi2O2CO3 ternary heterostructure materials. The ternary system contained well dispersed CdS nanoparticles (50–80 nm) anchored over ultrathin BiOBr and Bi2O2CO3 nanoplates with high interfacial contact. A significant enhancement in visible light absorption, prolonged life time decay and improved charge carrier separation and migration property accounted for the excellent photocatalytic activity towards atrazine herbicide degradation (>95% in 30 min). A double Z-scheme electron transfer mechanism was proposed to explain the dramatic increase in photocatalytic activity which was deduced from photoelectrochemical measurements, scavenger and radical ( OH and O2 ‾) trapping experiments. MTT assay study revealed that the photo-catalytically treated atrazine solution showed significant reduction in cytotoxicity. This study provides an effective strategy for facile synthesis of bismuth based ternary heterostructures with potential applications in the field of environmental remediation.

Over 14.5% efficiency and 71.6% fill factor of ternary organic solar cells with 300 nm thick active layers

Abstract: The ternary strategy exhibits great potential in optimizing the photon harvesting and phase separation of active layers. In this work, non-fullerene MF1 was selected as the third component to prepare efficient ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) by finely optimizing the MF1 content in the acceptors. The optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.31% is achieved in the ternary OSCs with 20 wt% MF1 content in the acceptors and 100 nm active layer thickness, also exhibiting a relatively high fill factor (FF) of 78.05%. The relatively high FF indicates efficient charge transport and collection in the optimized ternary OSCs, which should be beneficial to achieve efficient thick-film OSCs. It is highlighted that a PCE of 14.57% is achieved in the optimized ternary OSCs with 300 nm thick active layers compatible with the roll-to-roll (R2R) large-scale printing process. To date, high performance thick-film ternary non-fullerene OSCs have seldom been reported. This work indicates that the thick-film ternary strategy has great potential in achieving efficient large-scale OSCs.

Two compatible polymer donors contribute synergistically for ternary organic solar cells with 17.53% efficiency

Abstract: A ternary strategy has been demonstrated as a promising method to further boost the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, an efficient polymer donor S3 was synthesized and incorporated into a PM6:Y6 system to fabricate ternary OSCs. S3 possesses complementary absorption spectra and good compatibility with PM6, which is beneficial to fine-tune the photon harvesting and morphology of the ternary blend films, resulting in simultaneous enhancement of the short-circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF). In addition, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of S3 is slightly lower than that of PM6, which enables lower nonradiative energy loss in ternary OSCs compared with that of PM6-based binary OSCs, leading to higher open-circuit voltage (VOC). The optimized ternary OSCs with 20 wt% S3 in the donors achieve a PCE of 17.53%, which should be among the highest values of ternary OSCs. This work provides an effective approach to fabricate high-performance ternary OSCs by synergizing two well-matched polymer donors.

Over 16.7% efficiency of ternary organic photovoltaics by employing extra PC 71 BM as morphology regulator

Abstract: Ternary organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are fabricated with PBDB-T-2Cl:Y6 (1:1.2, wt/wt) as the host system and extra PC71BM as the third component. The PBDB-T-2Cl:Y6 based binary OPVs exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.49% with a short circuit current ( J SC) of 24.98 mA cm−2, an open circuit voltage ( V OC) of 0.868 V and a fill factor (FF) of 71.42%. A 16.71% PCE is obtained in the optimized ternary OPVs with PBDB-T-2Cl:Y6:PC71BM (1:1.2:0.2, wt/wt) active layer, resulting from the synchronously improved J SC of 25.44 mA cm−2, FF of 75.66% and the constant V OC of 0.868 V. The incorporated PC71BM may prefer to mix with Y6 to finely adjust phase separation, domain size and molecular arrangement in ternary active layers, which can be confirmed from the characterization on morphology, 2D grazing incidence small and wide-angle X-ray scattering, as well as Raman mapping. In addition, PC71BM may prefer to mix with Y6 to form efficient electron transport channels, which should be conducive to charge transport and collection in the optimized ternary OPVs. This work provides more insight into the underlying reasons of the third component on performance improvement of ternary OPVs, indicating ternary strategy should be an efficient method to optimize active layers for synchronously improving photon harvesting, exciton dissociation and charge transport, while keeping the simple cell fabrication technology.

A robust Th-azole framework for highly efficient purification of C2H4 from a C2H4/C2H2/C2H6 mixture.

Abstract: Separation of C2H4 from C2H4/C2H2/C2H6 mixture with high working capacity is still a challenging task Herein, we deliberately design a Th-metal-organic framework (MOF) for highly efficient separation of C2H4 from a binary C2H6/C2H4 and ternary C2H4/C2H2/C2H6 mixture The synthesized MOF Azole-Th-1 shows a UiO-66-type structure with fcu topology built on a Th6 secondary building unit and a tetrazole-based linker Such noticeable structure, is connected by a N,O-donor ligand with high chemical stability At 100 kPa and 298 K Azole-Th-1 performs excellent separation of C2H4 (purity > 999%) from not only a binary C2H6/C2H4 (1:9, v/v) mixture but also a ternary mixture of C2H6/C2H2/C2H4 (9:1:90, v/v/v), and the corresponding working capacity can reach up to 113 and 134 mmol g−1, respectively The separation mechanism, as unveiled by the density functional theory calculation, is due to a stronger van der Waals interaction between ethane and the MOF skeleton Separation of ethylene from C2 ternary mixture with high working capacity is a challenging task Here, the authors report a Th-azole framework (Azole-Th-1) for highly efficient purification of ethylene from C2H4/C2H6 and C2H4/C2H2/C2H6 mixtures, respectively

Tuning Gate-Opening of a Flexible Metal-Organic Framework for Ternary Gas Sieving Separation.

Abstract: In comparison with the fast development of binary mixture separations, ternary mixture separations are significantly more difficult and have rarely been realized by a single material. Herein, a new strategy of tuning the gate-opening pressure of flexible MOFs is developed to tackle such a challenge. As demonstrated by a flexible framework NTU-65, the gate-opening pressure of ethylene (C2 H4 ), acetylene (C2 H2 ), and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) can be regulated by temperature. Therefore, efficient sieving separation of this ternary mixture was realized. Under optimized temperature, NTU-65 adsorbed a large amount of C2 H2 and CO2 through gate-opening and only negligible amount of C2 H4 . Breakthrough experiments demonstrated that this material can simultaneously capture C2 H2 and CO2 , yielding polymer-grade (>99.99 %) C2 H4 from single breakthrough separation.

High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells: Synthesis of Polymer Acceptor by a Random Ternary Copolymerization Strategy

Abstract: Demonstrated in this work is a simple random ternary copolymerization strategy to synthesize a series of polymer acceptors, PTPBT-ETx , by polymerizing a small-molecule acceptor unit modified from Y6 with a thiophene connecting unit and a controlled amount of an 3-ethylesterthiophene (ET) unit. Compared to PTPBT of only Y6-like units and thiophene units, PTPBT-ETx (where x represents the molar ratio of the ET unit) with an incorporated ET unit in the ternary copolymers show up-shifted LUMO energy levels, increased electron mobilities, and improved blend morphologies in the blend film with the polymer donor PBDB-T. And the all-polymer solar cell (all-PSC) based on PBDB-T:PTPBT-ET0.3 achieved a high power conversion efficiency over 12.5 %. In addition, the PTPBT-ET0.3 -based all-PSC also exhibits long-term photostability over 300 hours.

Enhanced and Balanced Charge Transport Boosting Ternary Solar Cells Over 17% Efficiency

Abstract: Ternary architecture is one of the most effective strategies to boost the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, an OSC with a ternary architecture featuring a highly crystalline molecular donor DRTB-T-C4 as a third component to the host binary system consisting of a polymer donor PM6 and a nonfullerene acceptor Y6 is reported. The third component is used to achieve enhanced and balanced charge transport, contributing to an improved fill factor (FF) of 0.813 and yielding an impressive PCE of 17.13%. The heterojunctions are designed using so-called pinning energies to promote exciton separation and reduce recombination loss. In addition, the preferential location of DRTB-T-C4 at the interface between PM6 and Y6 plays an important role in optimizing the morphology of the active layer.

Exploiting Ternary Blends for Improved Photostability in High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells

Abstract: Ternary organic solar cells based on polymer donor and nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) are delivering high power conversion efficiencies (PCE). Now, further improvement needs to be directed to enhanc...

A progress report on the MAB phases: atomically laminated, ternary transition metal borides

Abstract: The MAB phases are atomically layered, ternary or quaternary transition metal (M) borides (TMBs), with the general formula (MB)2zAx(MB2)y (z = 1–2; x = 1–2; y = 0–2), whose structures are composed ...

TiN/Ni/C ternary composites with expanded heterogeneous interfaces for efficient microwave absorption

Abstract: At present, constructing composite materials with different absorbing mechanism is the popular strategy to realize the complementary and synergetic properties for electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing materials. However, the effective magnetic response is generally struggled to achieve. Besides the composition design strategy, fully utilizing the interfacial polarization is another efficient method for the fabrication of microwave absorbing (MA) materials. In this work, the titanium nitride/nickel/carbon (TiN/Ni/C) ternary composites were fabricated through an in-situ thermal nitridation process. The EM dissipation factors can be regulated by rational design of the ternary heterogeneous interface through varying the precursor composition. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of the optimized TiN/Ni/C nanocomposite can reach −35.1 dB at 12.4 GHz and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 3.6 GHz with a thickness of 1.7 mm. The enhanced absorbing property is benefited from the effective structure design with tunable heterogeneous interface and continuous carbon matrix which would achieve promoted interfacial polarization, conductivity relaxation and the electromagnetic impedance matching. Special structures of TiN/Ni/C ternary composites played a vital role in the effective electromagnetic absorption properties, which is significant for designing efficient MA materials.

Thermodynamic Properties and Molecular Packing Explain Performance and Processing Procedures of Three D18:NFA Organic Solar Cells

Abstract: Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on D18:Y6 have recently exhibited a record power conversion efficiency of over 18%. The initial work is extended and the device performance of D18-based OSCs is compared with three non-fullerene acceptors, Y6, IT-4F, and IEICO-4Cl, and their molecular packing characteristics and miscibility are studied. The D18 polymer shows unusually strong chain extension and excellent backbone ordering in all films, which likely contributes to the excellent hole-transporting properties. Thermodynamic characterization indicates a room-temperature miscibility for D18:Y6 and D18:IT-4F near the percolation threshold. This corresponds to an ideal quench depth and explains the use of solvent vapor annealing rather than thermal annealing. In contrast, D18:IEICO-4Cl is a low-miscibility system with a deep quench depth during casting and poor morphology control and low performance. A failure of ternary blends with PC71 BM is likely due to the near-ideal miscibility of Y6 to begin with and indicates that strategies for developing successful ternary or quaternary solar cells are likely very different for D18 than for other high-performing donors. This work reveals several unique property-performance relations of D18-based photovoltaic devices and helps guide design or fabrication of yet higher efficiency OSCs.

Plasmon Ag nanoparticle/Bi2S3 ultrathin nanobelt/oxygen-doped flower-like MoS2 nanosphere ternary heterojunctions for promoting charge separation and enhancing solar-driven photothermal and photocatalytic performances

Abstract: Plasmon Ag nanoparticle/Bi2S3 ultrathin nanobelt/oxygen-doped flower-like MoS2 nanosphere ternary heterojunction photocatalysts are fabricated via hydrothermal and photoreduction strategies. The introduction of Ag nanoparticles and defective MoS2 and the formation of heterojunctions can induce localized surface plasmon resonance and promote charge separation, respectively, which can extend the photoresponse to the visible light and near-infrared regions and obviously enhance the photothermal and photocatalytic performances. The ternary heterojunction photocatalysts show that the photocatalytic degradation ratio of 2,4-dichlorophenol reaches 99.2% under visible light irradiation. In addition, the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate reaches 526.3 μmol h−1 g−1, which is several times higher than that of pristine MoS2 and Bi2S3. This study offers a new strategy for designing other highly efficient heterojunction photocatalysts. In addition, these ternary heterojunctions show high stability, which is favorable for practical applications in the environmental and energy fields.

Efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic H2 evolution over MoO2-C/CdS ternary heterojunction with unique interfacial microstructures

Abstract: Molybdenum-based co-catalyst decoration is a promising strategy in the construction of an highly efficient photocatalyst composite for hydrogen evolution utilizing sunlight. In this work, a novel MoO2-C/CdS (MOCCS) ternary heterojunction photocatalyst with unique interfacial microstructures has been successfully constructed. The interfacial disordered MoOx regions, which act as the main active sites for photocatalytic water splitting, can be found in the MoO2-C nanocomposites. While for the ternary heterojunction, the direct interfacial Mo-S bonds and metallic Cd can guarantee the high-effect interfacial charge separation and transfer between MoO2-C and CdS nanorods. The as-prepared MOCCS composite shows a remarkable enhancement of photocatalytic H2 evolution performance (∼16.08 mmol·h−1 g−1), which is up to 33 times as high as that of pure CdS nanorods. Photoelectrochemical analyses demonstrate that the synergetic effect of unique interfacial microstructures will result in the efficient separation and reaction of the photocarriers, and the reduced hydrogen overpotential during photocatalytic water splitting process.