Showing papers on "Terpene published in 1980"

Some effects of douglas fir terpenes on certain microorganisms.

Abstract: The Douglas fir terpene α-pinene was shown to inhibit the growth of a variety of bacteria and a yeast. Other terpenes of the Douglas fir, including limonene, camphene, and isobornyl acetate, were also inhibitory to Bacillus thuringiensis. All terpenes were inhibitory at concentrations normally present in the fir needle diet of Douglas fir tussock moth larvae. The presence of such terpenes in the diet of these insects was found to strongly influence the infectivity of B. thuringiensis spores for the Douglas fir tussock moth larvae. The terpene α-pinene destroyed the cellular integrity and modified mitochondrial activity in certain microorganisms.

Biochemistry of Terpenoids

Abstract: Publisher Summary Terpenes are diverse group of compounds, and are found in complex mixtures. They are lipids and frequently unstable. New techniques for purifying and analyzing natural products and determining structures, as well as improved techniques in plant enzymology, have produced rapid progress in this field recently. The facts that many of the enzymes of terpene metabolism are membrane-bound and that the terpenes themselves are hydrophobic, still present problems, and demand new advances in methodology. It has been a common assumption that secondary products are end products of sluggish metabolic pathways. As a result, tracer experiments have often involved incorporation periods from 24 hours to several days. However, results indicate that terpene metabolism in plants is much more dynamic and synthesis and turnover might occur within minutes. A full understanding of the biochemistry of terpenoids in plants requires an interdisciplinary effort, combining organic chemistry, bio-chemistry, plant physiology, plant anatomy, and the applied sciences. The conventional segregation of scientific disciplines has been one of the factors impeding progress in this area.

Effects of light on terpene hydrocarbon synthesis in Pinus pinaster

Abstract: The biosynthesis of terpene hydrocarbons has been investigated in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) seedling primary leaves under light and darkness and with different precursors. Impossible in darkness, the synthesis of monoterpenes (mainly α- and β-pinene) is strongly activated by light. Only 14C-carbonate and 14C-acetate can be incorporated into monoterpenes. Activation by light is comparatively much more effective for seedling leaves previously cultivated under short days than in leaves from seedlings given long days. The spectral bands which are efficient for the synthesis of monoterpenes are located around 480 and 685 nm with 14C-carbonate and 480 and 630 nm with l-14C-acetate. Furthermore, this light activation does not occur if leaf pieces instead of whole leaves are used for the incorporation experiments. When 2-14C-mevalonic acid and 1-14C-isopentenyl pyrosphosphate are applied as precursors, no radioactivity is recorded in monoterpene hydrocarbons even after light exposures. In contrast, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (caryophyllene and humulene) are easily synthesized under light or darkness in intact or fragmented leaves from the different precursors of photosynthetic or exogenous origin. From these results the compartmentalization in the synthesis of C10 and C15 hydrocarbons appears clear. There is a metabolic cooperation between the photosynthetic tissues and the specific site of elaboration of C10 hydrocarbons, which site is located in the parts where the epithelial cells of resin ducts are functional. The synthesis of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons takes place in the whole leaf without activation by light.

Tall oil precursors and turpentine in black and white spruce

Abstract: The heartwood of Picea mariana contained resin acids (1) 14, fatty acids (11) 2, esters 10, nonsaponifiables 13, and phenolic compounds 61%, whereas P. glauca contained (1) 12, (11) 1, esters 42, nonsaponifiables 13, and phenolic compounds 32%. The (1) consisted primarily of palustric, isopimaric, abietic,and dehydroabietic acids, and fatty acids were mainly oleic, linoleic, and 5,9,12-octadecatrienoic acids. Turpentine obtained from these species was primarily a mixture of alpha- and beta-pinene. Paraquat (111) treatment induced up to a 7-fold increase in the content of oleoresin of these species, but visual indications of lightwood were not observed. The components of turpentine and Et/sub 2/0 extractives after (111) treatment were similar to those before treatment.

Bi:cyclic terpene epoxide cpds. prodn. - by reacting terpene(s) e.g. alpha-pinene with technical peracetic acid in presence of acid binding and chlorinated solvent e.g. chloroform

Abstract: Prodn. of bicyclic terpene oxiranes by epoxidation of unsatd. terpene hydrocarbons with peracetic acid/acetic acid mixts. still contg. water, H2O2 and (possibly) small amts. of H2SO4 in the presence of acid binding agents, the epoxidation is carried out in an inert 1-3C aliphatic hydrocarbon, having -CCl3-, -CHCl2-, -CH2Cl-, -CHCl- or -CCL2- gps. The acid binding agent is pref. an alkali (bi)-carbonate used in solid form in an amt. of 0.3-0.7 or 0.6-1.4 mol per mol acid acid content of the peracetic acid mixt. Bicyclic terpene epoxides are highly reactive substances useful as synthetic intermediates. Thus rearrangement of alpha-pinene epoxide in the presence of ZnBr2 gives e.g. campholene aldehyde, a precursor of perfumes and softening agents. Hydrolysis of alpha-pinene epoxide gives sobrerol, a therapeutically active substance which can be used in pharmaceutical compositions. Conversion of the terpene is high, and the terpene oxiranes are obtd. in excellent to almost quantitative yield.

1,1,4-Tri:acyloxy-3-alkyl-2-butene derivs. - useful as intermediates for pharmaceuticals and terpene(s), prepd. from 1-acyloxy-butadiene and carboxylic acid

Abstract: Triacyloxybutene derivs. of formula (I) R2-COO-C(OCOR3) H-CH=CR1-CH2.OCOR3 are new. In (I), R1 is 1-5C alkyl; and R2 and R3 are each H, 1-5C alkyl, phenyl or cyclohexyl. Pref. cpds. have R1=R2=CH3; R3 = CH3 or C2H5 (I). are made by reacting a 1-acyloxy-3-R1-1,3-butadiene with R3COOH in presence of O2 and Pt or Pd catalyst. (I) are intermediates for terpenes and pharmaceuticals esp. they can be hydrolysed to 4-acyloxy-3-methylcrotonaldehydes (IX) which are C5-units for terpene synthesis. 1,4,4-Triacetoxy-3-methyl-2-butene is specifically claimed.

Production of terpene acid

Abstract: PURPOSE: A specific strain is inoculated and cultured in a culture medium containing a terpene to produce a terpene acid by the action of a microorganism. CONSTITUTION: A strain belonging to Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Corynebacterium or Micrococcus such as Pseudomonas ptida S-2 (FERM-5421) is inoculated in a culture medium containing a terpene of formula I (n is 1, 2) and aerobically cultured at 5.0W9.0pH and 20W35°C for 18W120hr to produce a terpene acid of formula II or III in the medium. The cell bodies and others are removed from the culture mixture, the filtrate is acidified and the terpene acid is extracted with an organic solvent. COPYRIGHT: (C)1981,JPO&Japio

Chemical and pharmacological studies on Vernonia patula (Dry.) Merr. and Vernonia cinerea (Linn.) Less.

Abstract: Vernonia patula (Dry.) Merr. and Vernonia cinerea (Linn.) Less. are weeds which grow in settled areas throughout the Philippines. In the screening of plants for anticancer activity initiated by Dra. Masilungan, one of the plants which gave significant results with in-cvitro tests was Vernonia patula (Dry.) Merr. The ppetroleum ether and chloroform extracts of the plant showed significant in-vitro activity against lymphoid leukemia L1210 and lymphocytic P388 tumor cells. A partially purified fraction was obtained from the chloroform extract which was significantly active against these tumor cells in in-vitro and in-vivo tests. Column chromatography of this fraction did not yield any cyrstalline eluate in pure form. Column chromatography of the pteroleum ether and chloroform extracts on Silica gel S yielded 4 terpenes and 1 sterol. Two of the terpenes were identified as alpha-amyrin, alpha-amyrin acetate and the sterol as beta-sitosterol. The terpenes were found inactive in anticancer tests. The other two terpenes are apparently. our search for plants with diuretic activity, we found out that the methanol extract of the whole plant of Vernonia cinerea showed significant diuretic diuretic activity in rats at 300, 700 and 1000 mg/kg body weight. The activity was concentrated in the water-soluble fraction of the extract. The freshly prepared water-soluble fraction representing 300 mgs of the dried methanol extract per body weight of rats was found effective. Chemical analysis of this fraction showed the presence of tannins, sugars, flavonoids and glycosides.

Terpenoids of the oleoresin of the larch growing in Kamchatka

Abstract: The complete chemical composition of the oleoresin of the larchLarix cajanderi M. growing in Kamchatka has been studied. Fifty-four terpene compounds have been isolated and identified. It has been shown that among the monoterpenes the main constituents are α- and β-pinenes, their amounts being 66.3% and 18.3%, respectively. Among the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons the main components are δ-cadiene and γ-elemene (15 and 17%). Diterpenoids are represented mainly by bicyclic labdane compounds — epimanool (∼15%), larixylacetate (∼28%), and larixol (∼40%). In the acidic fraction of the oleoresin, isopimaric acid (40%) predominates.

Bromination of terpene compound

Abstract: PURPOSE:To perform the selective dibromination of the terminal double bond of a terpene compound having a terminal double bond, by brominating the terpene in the presence of a specific compound CONSTITUTION:A terpene hydrocarbon, terpene ketone, ester or ether of terpene alcohol, terpene carboxylic acid or its ester (eg geranyl alcohol) is brominated with 2,4,4,6-tetrabromo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one (TBCO) in the presence of an amine or an ammonium salt (eg cetyltrimethylammonium bromide), to obtain a brominated terpene compound, especially dibrominated at the terminal double bond (eg the compound of formula II) The presence of the amine improves the selectivity of the dibrominated product USE:Intermediate of pesticides, insecticides, perfumery, etc

Purification of terpene unsaturated alcohol esters

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prepare a clear and colorless title compound useful as perfumery, medicines, or their intermediates, by distilling terpene unsaturated alcohol esters in the presence of an alkaline reducing agent. CONSTITUTION:Terpene unsaturated alcohol esters (e.g. linalyl ester, geranyl ester, etc.) is purified by distilling in the presence of an alkaline reducing agent (e.g. alkali salt of formic acid, oxalic acid, ascorbic acid, etc.). The amount of the reducing agent added is 0.01-10wt%, especially 0.1-5wt% of the crude ester.

Reduction of terpene formic acid ester

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prepare a formic acid ester useful as perfumery and its intermediate, without producing terpene alcohols having undesirable effect to the perfume of the product, by reducing terpene formic acid esters in the presence of an organic acid, thereby preventing the hydrolysis during the reduction CONSTITUTION:A terpene formic acid ester such as a compound of formula I or II (R1 is H or methyl; R2 is group III or alkyl having the group III), especially dehydrolinalyl formate, linalyl formate, etc is reduced under neutral or weakly acidic conditions The control of pH is carried out by adding an organic aicd, pref an aliphatic monobasic acid, especially acetic acid, to the system The amount of the organic acid is 01-10wt%, pref 02-3wt% of the terpene formic acid ester If the organic acid is not present, the formic acid ester is hydrolyzed with formic acid produced by the reducing reaction of the terpene formic acid ester The addition of the organic acid prevents the hydrolysis, and accordingly the by-production of terpene alcohol