Terpene

About: Terpene is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2208 publications have been published within this topic receiving 51480 citations. The topic is also known as: terpenes.

Functional characterization of a new terpene synthase from Plectranthus amboinicus

Abstract: Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng is an aromatic medicinal herb known for its therapeutic and nutritional properties attributed by the presence of monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds Up until now, research on terpenoid biosynthesis has focused on a few mint species with economic importance such as thyme and oregano, yet the terpene synthases responsible for monoterpene production in P amboinicus have not been described Here we report the isolation, heterologous expression and functional characterization of a terpene synthase involved in P amboinicus terpenoid biosynthesis A putative monoterpene synthase gene (PamTps1) from P amboinicus was isolated with an open reading frame of 1797 bp encoding a predicted protein of 598 amino acids with molecular weight of 696 kDa PamTps1 shares 60–70% amino acid sequence similarity with other known terpene synthases of Lamiaceae The in vitro enzymatic activity of PamTps1 demonstrated the conversion of geranyl pyrophosphate and farnesyl pyrophosphate exclusively into linalool and nerolidol, respectively, and thus PamTps1 was classified as a linalool/nerolidol synthase In vivo activity of PamTps1 in a recombinant Escherichia coli strain revealed production of linalool and nerolidol which correlated with its in vitro activity This outcome validated the multi-substrate usage of this enzyme in producing linalool and nerolidol both in in vivo and in vitro systems The transcript level of PamTps1 was prominent in the leaf during daytime as compared to the stem Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and quantitative real-time PCR analyses showed that maximal linalool level was released during the daytime and lower at night following a diurnal circadian pattern which correlated with the PamTps1 expression pattern The PamTps1 cloned herein provides a molecular basis for the terpenoid biosynthesis in this local herb that could be exploited for valuable production using metabolic engineering in both microbial and plant systems

Enzyme-aided release of bioactive compounds from coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds and their residue by-products and evaluation of their antioxidant activity

Abstract: Enzyme-assisted extraction has emerged as an attractive green, cost-effective and high bioactive yielding technology by which desired bioactives with preserved or better efficacy are released. In the present study, the ability of cellulase, hemicellulase and their binary mixture (cellulase:hemicellulase; 1:1) in improving the extraction of essential oils from coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds, or the residue by-products from the distillation process containing value-added phytochemicals (fatty acids and phenolics) were evaluated. Cellulase and the binary mixture improved the extraction of essential oils by 44.2 and 40%, respectively. Application of enzymes was associated with increased amount of oxygenated terpenes in the essential oils derived from enzyme-treated samples. Linalool, camphor and geranyl acetate were the prominent compounds. From the hydrodistillation residues, a better recovery of petroselinic-rich oil with a good nutritional quality was also observed in enzyme-treated seeds. They also contained an appreciable amount of polyphenols and showed an improved antioxidant activity as revealed by the DPPH, FRAP and cellular antioxidant activity assays. The results suggested that enzyme pre-treatment allowed better recovery without alteration of the essential oil composition. The hydrodistillation residues obtained could be potentially exploited for the development of functional food ingredients and nutraceuticals.

Terpenes from Natural Products with Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Abstract: The development and progression of many diseases is related with an inflammatory process, which could affect different organs or tissues. Currently, many drugs are used to treat inflammation. However, some of these compounds induce severe side effects. For this reason, the search of new therapeutic options for the treatment of inflammation is very desirable. Medicinal plants have been an interesting source for obtaining new active compounds, including several terpenes and terpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity. This book chapter includes 62 sesquiterpenes, 34 diterpenes, and 22 triterpenes with antiinflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using in vitro, in vivo, and both models. These terpenes were obtained from 44 plant species belonging to 25 botanical families. Eight of theses species belong to the Asteraceae family and four to Lamiaceae family, respectively, and the other species belong to 13 different botanical families, one sesquiterpene was obtained from a sponge and two diterpenes were isolated from corals.

Antiinflammatory activity of natural triterpenes—An overview from 2006 to 2021

Abstract: Terpenes are one of the most abundant classes of secondary metabolites produced by plants and can be divided based on the number of isoprene units (C5) in monoterpenes (2 units—C10), sesquiterpenes (3 units—C15), diterpenes (4 units—C20), triterpenes (6 units—C30), etc. Chemically, triterpenes are classified based on their structural skeleton including lanostanes, euphanes, cycloartanes, ursanes, oleananes, lupanes, tirucallanes, cucurbitanes, dammaranes, baccharanes, friedelanes, hopanes, serratanes etc. Additionally, glycosylated (saponins) or highly oxidated/degraded (limonoids) triterpenes could be found in nature. The antiinflammatory effect and action as immunomodulators of these secondary metabolites have been demonstrated in different studies. This review reports an overview of articles published in the last 15 years (from 2006 to 2021 using PubMed and SciFinder database) describing the antiinflammatory effects of different triterpenes with their presumed mechanism of action, suggesting that triterpenes could be appointed as natural products with future pharmaceutical applicability.

Terpenes and unsaturated fatty acids trigger coremia formation by Ceratocystis ulmi

Abstract: Coremia formation by Ceratocystis ulmi (Buis.) ist triggered by certain terpenes and unsaturated fatty acids, of which linoleic acid and its esters are the most active.