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Terrane

About: Terrane is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11025 publications have been published within this topic receiving 442596 citations. The topic is also known as: tectonostratigraphic terrane.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a reconstruction of New Zealand's Eastern and Western Provinces is proposed, based on the Torlesse flysch and Haast Schist derivatives, which are the major part of the complexly deformed facies of the Eastern Province.
Abstract: The Carboniferous to Lower Cretaceous Torlesse terrane and Haast Schist derivatives constitute the major part of the complexly deformed facies of the Eastern Province of New Zealand. Strata consist mainly of quartzofeldspathic graywacke and mudstone, intercalated with minor but widely distributed conglomerate, and volcanics with associated chert and limestone. Clastic rocks were deposited largely by sediment gravity-flow mechanisms in a deep-marine environment. Also present are a few highly fossiliferous shallow-marine and terrestrial deposits of limited areal extent, which rest unconformably on or in fault contact with Torlesse flysch. Several periods of deformation are recognized and melange is present on both local and regional scales. Metamorphism ranges from zeolite to greenschist facies. The bulk of the rocks fall into five areally extensive and mutually exclusive fossil zones of the following ages: Permian ( Atomodesma ), Middle Triassic, early Late Triassic (?) ( Torlessia ), Late Triassic ( Monotis ), and Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. Contacts between major fossil zones are mainly tectonic. Petrographic analysis permits subdivision of Torlesse sandstones into five major petrofacies that correspond in age to the five major fossil zones. The sandstone petrofacies (mainly arkosic), together with the composition of conglomerate clasts (mainly indurated Torlesse rocks), indicate that the source terrane was a continental volcano-plutonic arc, probably part of Gondwanaland, coupled with autocannibalistic reworking of older uplifted Torlesse rocks. In contrast to the quartzofeldspathic nature of the Torlesse, coeval sedimentary rocks of the Eastern Province are volcanogenic. They are thought to represent related forearc-basin (Maitai-Murihiku terranes) and trench-complex (Caples terrane) deposits derived from a volcanic island arc (Brook Street terrane). Three petrofacies are established for Maitai-Murihiku and Caples sandstones. The petrofacies indicate a common, evolving, immature to submature volcanic island arc source for these terranes. A reconstruction of New Zealand's Eastern and Western Provinces is proposed. In Permian and Triassic times, the Torlesse was deposited in trench, slope, or borderland basins along a trench-transform margin fronting a continental volcano-plutonic arc source (Western Province-Gondwanaland). Deposition was spasmodic but voluminous and was accompanied by concurrent deformation and accretion resulting in parallel belts of Torlesse rock younging outward from the Gondwanaland margin. At the same time, the Brook Street terrane volcanic arc and associated terranes were forming to the west of the Torlesse site, separated from Gondwanaland by a marginal sea. In latest Triassic or Early Jurassic times, the Torlesse was rafted into the volcanic arc system via transform faulting approximately parallel to the Gondwana margin. The collision event resulted in tectonic thickening of Torlesse and Caples rocks at the plate interface and metamorphism to Haast Schist. The source was then dominated by older, partly metamorphosed Torlesse terrane, newly uplifted along the collision front. Closing of the marginal sea behind the Brook Street terrane in Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous times resulted in juxtapositioning with the Western Province (Gondwanaland) along the Median Tectonic Line.

267 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jul 1994-Geology
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a terrane map of the Tuareg shield (500,000 km 2 ) and identified 23 terranes with their own lithological, metamorphic, magmatic, and tectonic characteristics.
Abstract: Concepts developed in the recently published model of the Air region (eastern Tuareg shield; Niger, Africa) as a college of three displaced terranes integrated in a single geodynamic model lead us to propose a terrane map of the Tuareg shield (500000 km 2 ). The 23 terranes recognized have their own lithological, metamorphic, magmatic, and tectonic characteristics and are separated by subvertical strike-slip megashear zones that can be traced for hundreds of kilometres, or by major thrust fronts. Some of these boundaries have ophiolitic assemblages or molassic deposits. The Tuareg shield was shaped and partly accreted during the Pan-African orogeny (750-550 Ma), but not as a homogeneous body.

267 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify five tectonic units of the East African Orogen (EAO), a large collisional zone fundamental to the amalgamation of Gondwana.
Abstract: Recent work in central and northern Madagascar has identified five tectonic units of the East African Orogen (EAO), a large collisional zone fundamental to the amalgamation of Gondwana. These five units are the Antongil block, the Antananarivo block, the Tsaratanana sheet, the Itremo sheet, and the Bemarivo belt. Geochronological, lithological, metamorphic, and geochemical characteristics of these units and their relationships to each other are used as a type area to compare and contrast with surrounding regions of Gondwana. The Antananarivo block of central Madagascar, part of a broad band of pre‐1000‐Ma continental crust that stretches from Yemen through Somalia and eastern Ethiopia into Madagascar, is sandwiched between two suture zones we interpret as marking strands of the Neoproterozoic Mozambique Ocean. The eastern suture connects the Al‐Mukalla terrane (Yemen), the Maydh greenstone belt (northern Somalia), the Betsimisaraka suture (east Madagascar), and the Palghat‐Cauvery shear zone syst...

267 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The thin-skin Sevier and Laramide belts of the North American Cordillera provide a long-term record of the interrelations between evolving styles of mountain building and plate dynamics over a complete tectonic cycle, from onset of rapid subduction, to protracted growth of a composite orogenic system, to final collapse.

267 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 2017-Geology
TL;DR: The authors reconstructs the rise of a segment of the southern flank of the Himalaya-Tibet orogen, to the south of the Lhasa terrane, using a paleoaltimeter based on paleoenthalpy encoded in fossil leaves from two new assemblages in southern Tibet (Liuqu and Qiabulin) and four previously known floras from the foreland basin.
Abstract: We reconstruct the rise of a segment of the southern flank of the Himalaya-Tibet orogen, to the south of the Lhasa terrane, using a paleoaltimeter based on paleoenthalpy encoded in fossil leaves from two new assemblages in southern Tibet (Liuqu and Qiabulin) and four previously known floras from the Himalaya foreland basin. U-Pb dating of zircons constrains the Liuqu flora to the latest Paleocene (ca. 56 Ma) and the Qiabulin flora to the earliest Miocene (21- 19 Ma). The proto-Himalaya grew slowly against a high (similar to 4 km) proto-Tibetan Plateau from similar to 1 km in the late Paleocene to similar to 2.3 km at the beginning of the Miocene, and achieved at least similar to 5.5 km by ca. 15 Ma. Contrasting precipitation patterns between the Himalaya-Tibet edifice and the Himalaya foreland basin for the past similar to 56 m.y. show progressive drying across southern Tibet, seemingly linked to the uplift of the Himalaya orogen.

266 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023360
2022725
2021413
2020420
2019407
2018344