Showing papers on "Theme (narrative) published in 1995"

A Pragmatic View of Thematic Analysis

Abstract: Ethnographic interviews have become a commonly used qualitat ive methodology for collecting data (Aronson, 1992). Once the information is gathered, res earchers are faced with the decision on how to analyze the data. There are many ways to anal yze informants' talk about their experiences (Mahrer, 1988; Spradley, 1979; Taylor & Bogdan, 1984), a nd thematic analysis is one such way. Although thematic analysis has been described (Benner, 1985; Leininger, 1985; Taylor & Board, 1984), there is insufficient literature that outlines the pragmatic process of thematic analysis. This article attempts to outline the procedure for perform ing a thematic analysis. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License. This article is available in The Qualitative Report: http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol2/iss1/3 A Pragmatic View of Thematic Analysis by Jodi Aronson The Qualitative Report, Volume 2, Number 1, Spring, 1994 Ethnographic interviews have become a commonly used qualitative methodology for collecting data (Aronson, 1992). Once the information is gathered, researchers are faced with the decision on how to analyze the data. There are many ways to analyze informants' talk about their experiences (Mahrer, 1988; Spradley, 1979; Taylor & Bogdan, 1984), and thematic analysis is one such way. Although thematic analysis has been described (Benner, 1985; Leininger, 1985; Taylor & Board, 1984), there is insufficient literature that outlines the pragmatic process of thematic analysis. This article attempts to outline the procedure for performing a thematic analysis. Performing a Thematic Analysis The ethnographic interview is a commonly used interviewing process employed by researchclinicians (Kuehl & Newfield, 1991; Kuehl, Newfield & Joanning, 1990; Newfield, Joanning, Kuehl, & Quinn, 1990; Newfield, Kuehl, Joanning & Quinn, 1991; William, 1992). From the conversations that take place in a therapy session or those that are encouraged for the sake of researching a process, ideas emerge that can be better understood under the control of a thematic analysis. Thematic analysis focuses on identifiable themes and patterns of living and/or behavior. The first step is to collect the data. Audiotapes should be collected to study the talk of a session or of an enthnographic interview (Spradley, 1979). From the transcribed conversations, patterns of experiences can be listed. This can come from direct quotes or paraphrasing common ideas. The following is an example. A family was interviewed to get a better understanding of their experience with a juvenile justice system. The entire interview was transcribed. The first pattern of experience listed, was the process of the juvenile being arrested, and the different explanations from the various family members. The second pattern of experience listed was the attitude that each family member had toward the process (Aronson, 1992). The next step to a thematic analysis is to identify all data that relate to the already classified patterns. To continue the above example, the identified patterns are then expounded on. All of the talk that fits under the specific pattern is identified and placed with the corresponding pattern. For example, each family member somehow named their "attitude" while they were speaking. The father stated that he is "anti-statist," the mother said that she is "protective," and the son stated that "felt bad for what he had done" (Aronson, 1992). The next step to a thematic analysis is to combine and catalogue related patterns into sub-themes. Themes are defined as units derived from patterns such as "conversation topics, vocabulary, recurring activities, meanings, feelings, or folk sayings and proverbs" (Taylor & Bogdan, 1989, p.131). Themes are identified by "bringing together components or fragments of ideas or experiences, which often are meaningless when viewed alone" (Leininger, 1985, p. 60). Themes that emerge from the informants' stories are pieced together to form a comprehensive picture of their collective experience. The "coherence of ideas rests with the analyst who has rigorously studied how different ideas or components fit together in a meaningful way when linked together" (Leininger, 1985, p. 60). Constas (1992) reiterates this point and states that the "interpretative approach should be considered as a distinct point of origination" (p. 258). When gathering sub-themes to obtain a comprehensive view of the information, it is easy to see a pattern emerging. When patterns emerge it is best to obtain feedback from the informants about them. This can be done as the interview is taking place or by asking the informants to give feedback from the transcribed conversations. In the former, the interviewer uses the informants' feedback to establish the next questions in the interview. In the latter, the interviewer transcribes the interview or the session, and asks the informants to provide feedback that is then incorporated in the theme analysis. The next step is to build a valid argument for choosing the themes. This is done by reading the related literature. By referring back to the literature, the interviewer gains information that allows him or herself to make inferences from the interview or therapy session. Once the themes have been collected and the literature has been studied, the researcher is ready to formulate theme statements to develop a story line. When the literature is interwoven with the findings, the story that the interviewer constructs is one that stands with merit. A developed story line helps the reader to comprehend the process, understanding, and motivation of the interviewer. References Aronson, J. (1992). The interface of family therapy and a juvenile arbitration and mediation program. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL. Benner, P. (1985). Quality of life: A phenomenological perspective on explanation, prediction, and understanding in nursing science. Advances in Nursing Science, 8(1), 1-14. Constas, M. A. (1992). Qualitative analysis as a public event: The documentation of category development procedures. American Educational Research Journal, 29(2), 253-266. Kuehl, B. P., & Newfield, N. A. (1991). Family listeners among the Nacirema: Their curative ceremonies and how the natives view them. Family Therapy Case Studies, 6(1), 55-66. Kuehl, B. P., Newfield, N. A., & Joanning, H. (1990). Toward a client-based description of family therapy. Journal of Family Psychology, 3(3), 310-321. Leininger, M. M. (1985). Ethnography and ethnonursing: Models and modes of qualitative data analysis. In M. M. Leininger (Ed.), Qualitative research methods in nursing (pp. 33-72). Orlando, FL: Grune & Stratton. Mahrer, A. R. (1988). Discovery-oriented psychotherapy research. American Psychologist, 43(9), 694-702. Newfield, N. A., Kuehl, B. P., Joanning, H., & Quinn, W. H. (1990). A mini-ethnography of the family therapy of adolescent drug abuse: The ambiguous experience. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 7(2), 57-80. Newfield, N. A., Kuehl, B. P., Joanning, H., & Quinn, W. H. (1991). We can tell you about psychos and shrinks: An ethnography of the family therapy of adolescent substance abuse. In T. C. Todd & M. D. Selekman (Eds.), Family therapy approaches with adolescent substance abusers (pp. 277-310). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Spradley, J. (1979). The ethnographic interview. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Taylor, S. J., & Bogdan, R. (1984). Introduction to qualitative research methods: The search for meanings. New York: John Wiley & Sons. William, J. L. (1992). Don't discuss it: Reconciling illness, dying, and death in a medical school anatomy laboratory. Family Systems Medicine, 10(1), 65-78. Jodi Aronson, Ph.D., LMFT is the Clinical Director of MCC Behavioral Care, 3313 West Commercial Boulevard, Suite 112, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33309.

Advances in Motivation and Achievement

Abstract: Part of a series that reflects research and theory concerned with motivation and achievement in work, school and play, this title focuses on a particular issue or theme.

Further selections from the prison notebooks

Abstract: This volume brings together Gramsci's writings on religion, education, science, philosophy and economic theory. The theme that links these writings is the investigation of ideology at its different levels, and the structures which embody and reproduce it. Concepts such as subalternity and corporate consciousness, hegemony and the building of a counter-hegemony necessary for the formation of a new historical bloc, thus recur throughout the book. They complement some of the more overtly political writing published in the 1971 selection from the "Notebooks".

Reinventing Nature?: Responses To Postmodern Deconstruction

Abstract: How much of science is culturally constructed? How much depends on language and metaphor? How do our ideas about nature connect with reality? Can nature be "reinvented" through theme parks and malls, or through restoration? Reinventing Nature? is an interdisciplinary investigation of how perceptions and conceptions of nature affect both the individual experience and society's management of nature. Leading thinkers from a variety of fields - philosophy sociology, zoology, history, ethnobiology and others - address the conflict between the perception and reality of nature, each from a different perspective. The editors of the volume provide an insightful introductory chapter that places the book in the context of contemporary debates and a concluding chapter that brings together themes and draws conclusions from the dialogue.

Integrating Family Therapy: Handbook of Family Psychology and Systems Theory

Abstract: This text brings together family psychology and systems thinking to explore the ways systems therapists actually think and behave to bring about needed family change in the context of other systems. The theme of integration is carried through the book on several levels.

Methods and apparatus for thematic parsing of discourse

Abstract: A theme parsing system that determines the thematic context of input discourse is disclosed. Each word used in a language carries thematic information that conveys the importance of the meaning and content of the discourse. The theme parsing system discriminates words and phrases of the input discourse, identifying the type of importance or meaning, the impact on different parts of the discourse, and the overall contribution to the content of the discourse. The thematic conext of the discourse is determined in accordance with predetermined theme assessment criteria that is a function of the strategic importance of the discriminated words. The predetermined thematic assessment criteria defines which of the discriminated words are to be selected for each thematic analysis unit. The discourse is then output in a predetermined thematic format as a different view to a user, giving the topics of the discourse in a topic extractor, generating summarized versions of the discourse in a kernel generator, and identifying the key content of the discourse in a content extractor.

May's Law of Curvilinear Disparity Revisited Leaders, Officers, Members and Voters in British Political Parties

Abstract: Explaining ideological conflict has always been a classic theme of studies of party organizations. The aim of this paper is to re-examine May's law, based on rational choice theory, which suggests ...

Disney & His Worlds

Abstract: The life of Walt Disney Disney after Walt background to the Disney theme parks a family pilgrimage control and predictability back to the future - representations of past and future consuming the corporation intimating postmodernity and the problem of reality the business of fantasy.

On subject and theme : a discourse functional perspective

Abstract: 1. Reflections on subject and theme: An introduction (by Hasan, Ruqaiya) 2. 1. Approaching the French clause as a movie in dialogue: interpersonal organisation (by Caffarel, Alice) 3. 2. Mood and the Ecosocial dynamics of semiotic exchange (by Thibault, Paul J.) 4. 3. The English 'tag question': A new analysis, is(n't) it? (by McGregor, William B.) 5. 4. "Nothing" makes sense in Weri: A case of extensive ellipsis of nominals in a Papuan language (by Boxwell, Maurice) 6. 5. Subjectlessness and Honorifics in Japanese: A case of Textual contrual (by Hori, Motoko) 7. 6. A dynamic perspective: implications for metafunctional interaction and an understanding of theme (by Ravelli, Louise J.) 8. 7. On theme in Chinese: from clause to discourse (by Yan, Fang) 9. 8. A systematic functional approach to the thematic structure of the old English clause (by Cummings, Michael J.) 10. 9. Themes, methods of development, and texts (by Fries, Peter H.) 11. 10. Defining and relating text segments: subject and theme in discourse (by Cloran, Carmel) 12. Index

From Limen to Border: A Meditation on the Legacy of Victor Turner for American Cultural Studies

Abstract: THE FOLLOWING ESSAY ATTEMPTS TO MARK AND ACCOUNT FOR WHAT seems to me a key transition-perhaps "displacement" is a better term-in recent cultural studies theorizing that has particular relevance for scholars in American studies. I refer specifically to the slippage, or even the virtual disappearance, of the work of symbolic anthropologist Victor Turner as a major methodological influence upon current American studies scholarship. In place of his models of rite of passage and processual analysis we have come to recognize the explanatory power of what might be called a "borderlands" position-a mode of understanding social and cultural processes and formations that, to judge from the theme of the 1994 meeting of the American Studies Association ("Borders and Bonds: Society and Custom in a World of Regions"), appears to have a shaping influence on current American studies scholarship. Although there are numerous literary figures and theorists identified with this critical perspective (Gloria Anzaldua and Cherie Moraga especially), in light of the recent shifts in anthropological theorizing I want to examine (perhaps best represented by the post-modem challenge to classic ethnography contained in the essay collection Writing Culture'), I will discuss the important work of Renato Rosaldo, especially his recent Culture and Truth, as exemplary of the challenges and transformations in cultural studies that currently influence scholars working in many areas associated with American culture studies. Specifically, in this brief reflection, I want to

Thematic development in English texts

Abstract: Part 1 Emergence and development of the concept of the theme: introduction - a personal view of theme theme as an enabling resource in ideational "knowledge" construction. Part 2 Practical implications of thematic development: thematic options and success in writing thematic development and translation. Part 3 Thematic development in academic and non-academic texts: theme, processes and the realization of meanings in academic articles the relationship between the thematic development and structural elements in the text. Part 4 Contribution of thematic development to stylistics: thematic layering and focus assignment in Chaucer's "General Prologue" to "The Canterbury Tales" marked theme and its interpretation in A.E. Housman's "A Shropshire Lad". Part 5 The company that these keeps: the pit after the theme a contribution on a panel discussion on theme. Part 6 Thematic development and textual accountability: more than what the message is about - English theme studying thematic development in on-line documentation using the Functional Semantic Processor.

Women living in paradox: loss and discovery in chronic illness.

Abstract: Six women with chronic illness engaged in multiple conversations with the investigator to help her understand what it is like to live with chronic illness. Phenomenologic writing and reflection were used to analyze the data. The story is guided by an integrating theme: Living in paradox circumscribes one's loss while enabling one to embrace new discoveries of self in the life world through unfolding awareness.

Themes of Rejection and Abandonment in Group Work with Caribbean Adolescents

Abstract: The recurrent theme of rejection and abandonment in group work with Caribbean adolescents recently immigrated to join parents after years of separation is discussed. Familial tensions that preclude successful reunion are explored and implications for helping professionals are highlighted.

Critical Race Theory: An Annotated Bibliography 1993: A Year of Transition

Abstract: Updates original 1993 bibliography of 200 critical race theory articles divided into ten themes. Responding to a substantial increase in writing by and about women of color, it contains an additional theme — critical race feminism. Comments on quality and quantity of new work, an upsurge in criticism of the movement, how and whether it is assimilating into mainstream legal scholarship, and then lays out four scenarios for its future.

American Film Noir: The History of an Idea

Abstract: and dystopian science fiction: in the center would be Double Indemnity, and at either margin Cat People and Invasion of the Body Snatchers. But this arrangement would leave out important titles. There is in fact no completely satisfactory way to organize the category, and nobody is sure whether the films in question constitute a period, a genre, a cycle, a style, or simply a "phenomenon."' Whatever noir "is," the standard histories say it originated in America, emerging out of a synthesis of hard-boiled fiction and German Expressionism. The term is also associated with certain visual and narrative traits, which some commentators have tried to localize in the period between 1941 and 1958. Others contend that noir began much earlier and never went away.2 One of the most comprehensive (but far from complete) references, Alain Silver and Elizabeth Ward's Film Noir: An Encyclopedia of the American Style, begins in 1927 and ends in the present, listing over 500 motion pictures of various stylistic and generic descriptions.3 Encylopedic surveys of the Silver and Ward type can be educational and entertaining, but they also have a kinship with Jorge Luis Borges's fictional work of Chinese scholarship, The Celestial Emporium of Benevolent Knowledge, which contains a whimsical taxonomy of the animal kingdom: those belonging to the Emperor; mermaids; stray dogs; those painted with a fine camel's-hair brush; those resembling flies from a distance; others; etc. Unfortunately, nothing links together all the things discussed as noir-not the theme of crime, not a cinematographic technique, not even a resistance to Aristotelian narratives or happy endings. Little wonder that no writer has been able to find the

Literary formations : post-colonialism, nationalism, globalism

Abstract: "Postcolonialism", variously defined, is of considerable contemporary interest, first as a label for a stage of political development and increasingly as a matter of national identity, a "cultural condition". The literatures which have merged as products of this condition have become the objects of study in literature courses in English departments where cultural studies is being taught. In keeping with the aim of the "Interpretations" series, this work introduces the undergraduate student to three themes in the study of postcolonial literature. The first explores the notion of nation and nationality reflected in the literatures of newly industrializing countries. The second shows how these literatures can be analyzed in terms of the impact of modernity (postmodernity?) on cultures under stress. The third theme takes up the question of the representation of women in these literatures as one means of investigating the emergence of new literary practice. The exploration of each theme introduces the reader to an array of contemporary approaches used in a growing body of critical writing.

Choosing the Chief: Presidential Elections in France and the United States

Abstract: By focusing on the central theme of how presidential candidates emerge and how the voters perceive and evaluate them, "Choosing the Chief" presents a clear and complete picture of how the constitutional frameworks, electoral laws, party systems, social structures, and pivotal historical developments have converged to produce distinctive patterns of presidential politics in both France and the United States."Pierce provides a very sound investigation of a topic that until now has escaped adequate scholarly attention: the French and American presidential selection processes. He presents a well-organized and thorough empirical assessment of the patterns and differences in the ways chief exectives win office in the two nations. . . . The book contains excellent comparative analysis of the processes throughout . . . ." --"Choice""[T]his a book from which both Americanists and comparativists have much to learn." --"Journal of Politics"." . . an exciting effort at genuine comparative analysis." --Frank L. Wilson, Purdue University." . . a significant contribution to the general study of comparative politics and more specifically to our understanding of comparative electoral behavior and participation." --Thomas D. Lancaster, Emory UniversityRoy Pierce is Professor Emeritus of Political Science, University of Michigan.

A Short Guide to Writing about Literature

Abstract: PREFACE LETTER TO STUDENTS PART 1 Jumping In 1--WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE: A CRASH COURSE The Pleasures of Reading--and of Writing about Literature The Open Secret of Good Writing The Writing Process A Checklist of the Basics 2--THE WRITER AS READER: READING AND RESPONDING Kate Chopin, "Ripe Figs" The Act of Reading Reading with a Pen in Hand Recording Your First Responses Audience and Purpose A Writing Assignment on "Ripe Figs" The Assignment A Sample Essay: "Images of Ripening in Kate Chopin's 'Ripe Figs' " The Student's Analysis Analyzed Critical Thinking and the Study of Literature 3--THE READER AS WRITER: DRAFTING AND WRITING Pre-writing: Getting Ideas Annotating a Text More about Getting Ideas: A Second Story by Kate Chopin, "The Story of an Hour" Kate Chopin: "The Story of an Hour" Brainstorming for Ideas for Writing Focused Free Writing Listing Asking Questions Keeping a Journal Critical Thinking: Arguing with Yourself Arriving at a Thesis and Arguing It Writing a Draft A Sample Draft: "Ironies in an Hour" Revising a Draft A Checklist for Revising for Clarity Two Ways of Outlining a Draft A Checklist for Reviewing a Revised Draft Peer Review The Final Version Sample Essay: "Ironies of Life in Kate Chopin's 'The Story of an Hour' " The Analysis Analyzed Quick Review: From First Response to Final Version: Writing an Essay about a Literary Work 4--TWO FORMS OF CRITICISM: EXPLICATION AND ANALYSIS Explication A Sample Explication: Langston Hughes's "Harlem" Working toward an Explication of "Harlem" Some Journal Entries The Final Draft: "Langston Hughes's 'Harlem' " The Analysis Analyzed A Checklist: Drafting an Explication Analysis: The Judgment of Solomon Thinking about Form Thinking about Character Thoughts about Other Possibilities For Further reading and Analysis: The Parable of the Prodigal Son NEW Comparison: An Analytic Tool A Checklist: Revising a Comparison For Further Reading and Comparison: Gwendolyn Brooks's "We Real Cool" NEW Finding a Topic Considering the Evidence Organizing the Material Communicating Judgments Review: How to Write an Effective Essay 1. Pre-writing 2. Drafting 3. Revising 4. Editing An Editing Checklist: Questions to Ask Yourself When Editing For Further Reading, Explication, and Comparison: William Blake's "The Tyger" NEW 5--OTHER KINDS OF WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE A Summary A Paraphrase A Review A Review of a Dramatic Production A Sample Review: "An Effective Macbeth" PART 2 Standing Back: Thinking Critically about Literature 6--LITERATURE, FORM, AND MEANING Literature and Form Literature and Meaning Arguing about Meaning Form and Meaning Robert Frost, "The Span of Life" Literature, Texts, Discourses, and Cultural Studies Suggestions for Further Reading 7--WHAT IS INTERPRETATION? Interpretation and Meaning Is the Author's Intention a Guide to Meaning? Features of a Good Interpretation An Example: Interpreting Pat Mora's "Immigrants" Thinking Critically about Literature A Student Interpretation of Robert Frost's "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" Sample Essay: "Stopping by Woods and Going On" For Further Interpretation, Comparison, and Writing: Robert Frost's "The Road Not Taken" NEW Suggestions for Further Reading A Checklist: Writing an Interpretation NEW 8--WHAT IS EVALUATION? Criticism and Evaluation Are There Critical Standards? Morality and Truth as Standards Other Ways to Think about Truth and Realism Suggestions for Further Reading 9--WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE: AN OVERVIEW The Nature of Critical Writing Some Critical Approaches Formalist Criticism (New Criticism) Deconstruction Reader-Response Criticism Archetypal (or Myth) Criticism Historical Criticism Marxist Criticism The New Historicism Biographical Criticism Psychological (or Psychoanalytic) Criticism Gender (Feminist, and Lesbian and Gay) Criticism Suggestions for Further Reading PART 3 Up Close: Thinking Critically about Literary Forms 10--WRITING ABOUT FICTION: THE WORLD OF THE STORY Plot and Character Writing about a Character A Sample Essay on a Character: "Holden's Kid Sister" The Analysis Analyzed Foreshadowing Organizing an Essay on Foreshadowing Setting and Atmosphere Symbolism A Sample Essay on Setting as Symbol: "Spring Comes to Mrs. Mallard" "Spring Comes to Mrs. Mallard" Point of View Third-Person Narrators First-Person Narrators Notes and a Sample Essay on Narrative Point of View in James Joyce's "Araby" "The Three First-Person Narrators of Joyce's 'Araby' " The Analysis Analyzed Theme: Vision or Argument? Determining and Discussing the Theme Preliminary Notes and a Sample Essay on the Theme of Eudora Welty's "A Worn Path" Preliminary Notes "Rising into Love" (essay on "A Worn Path") A Brief Overview of the Essay A Checklist: Writing about Theme NEW Basing the Paper on Your Own Responses A Note on Secondary Sources A Second Essay about Theme: Notes and the Final Version of an Essay on Shirley Jackson's "The Lottery" " We All Participate in 'The Lottery' " The Analysis Analyzed Suggestions for Further Reading A Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about Fiction A Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about a Film Based on a Work of Literature 11--GRAPHIC FICTION NEW Letters and Pictures Grant Wood's "Death on the Ridge Road" (painting) Topic for Writing Reading an Image: A Short Story Told in One Panel Tony Carillo's "F Minus" 12--WRITING ABOUT DRAMA A Sample Essay Preliminary Notes "The Solid Structure of The Glass Menagerie" Types of Plays Tragedy A Checklist: Writing about Tragedy Comedy Writing about Comedy A Checklist: Writing about Comedy Aspects of Drama Theme Plot A Checklist: Writing about Plot Characterization and Motivation Conventions Costumes, Gestures, and Settings A Sample Essay on Setting in Drama " What the Kitchen in Trifles Tells Us" The Analysis Analyzed Suggestions for Further Reading A Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about Drama A Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about a Film Based on a Play A Student's Essay on a Filmed Version of a Play "Branagh's Film of Hamlet" A Checklist: Topics for Critical Thinking and Writing 13--WRITING ABOUT POETRY The Speaker and the Poet Emily Dickinson, "Wild Nights--Wild Nights" The Language of Poetry: Diction and Tone Edna St. Vincent Millay, "I, being born a woman and distressed" Writing about the Speaker: Robert Frost's "The Telephone" Robert Frost, "The Telephone" Journal Entries Figurative Language John Keats, "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer" Preparing to Write about Figurative Language Imagery and Symbolism William Blake, "The Sick Rose" Structure Robert Herrick, "Upon Julia's Clothes" Annotating and Thinking about a Poem The Student's Finished Essay: "Herrick's Julia, Julia's Herrick" Some Kinds of Structure Repetitive Structure William Wordsworth, "A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal" Logical Structure John Donne, "The Flea" Verbal Irony Paradox Explication A Sample Explication of Yeats's "The Balloon of the Mind" William Butler Yeats, "The Balloon of the Mind" Rhythm and Versification: A Glossary for Reference Rhythm Meter Patterns of Sound Stanzaic Patterns Blank Verse and Free Verse Walt Whitman, "When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer" Preparing to Write about Prosody Sample Essay on Metrics: "Sound and Sense in A. E. Housman's 'Eight O'Clock'" "Sound and Sense in A. E. Housman's 'Eight O'Clock' " The Analysis Analyzed Suggestions for Further Reading A Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about Poetry 14--POEMS AND PICTURES NEW A Poem and a Sample Student Essay Vincent van Gogn, "The Starry Night" (painting) Anne Sexton, "The Starry Night" Sample Essay: "Two Ways of Looking at a Starry Night" The Language of Pictures Writing about Pictures Comparing and Contrasting William Notman, "Foes in '76, Friends in '85" (photograph) Analyzing and Evaluating Evidence Thinking Critically: Arguing with Oneself, Asking Questions, and Comparing--E.E. Cummings's "Buffalo Bill's" A Writing Assignment: Connecting a Picture with a Work of Literature Sample essay: "Two Views of Buffalo Bill" 15--WRITING ABOUT AN AUTHOR IN DEPTH A Case Study: Writing about Langston Hughes Langston Hughes, "The South" Langston Hughes, "Ruby Brown" Langston Hughes, "Ballad of the Landlord" Sample essay: "A National Problem: Race and Racism in the Poetry of Langston Hughes" A Brief Overview of the Essay PART 4 Inside: Style, Format, and Special Assignments 16--STYLE AND FORMAT Principles of Style Get the Right Word Write Effective Sentences A Checklist for Revising for Conciseness Write Unified and Coherent Paragraphs A Checklist: Revising Paragraphs Write Emphatically Notes on the Dash and the Hyphen Remarks about Manuscript Form Basic Manuscript Form Quotations and Quotation Marks 17--WRITING A RESEARCH PAPER What Research Is Not, and What Research Is Primary and Secondary Materials Locating Material: First Steps Other Bibliographic Aids The Basics Moving Ahead: Finding Sources for Research Work What Does Your Own Institution Offer? Taking Notes Incorporating Your Reading into Your Thinking: The Art and Science of Synthesis NEW Drafting Your Paper Focus on Primary Sources Documentation What to Document: Avoiding Plagiarism A Checklist for Avoiding Plagiarism How to Document: Footnotes, Internal Parenthetical Citations, and a List of Works Cited (MLA Format) Sample Essay with Documentation: "The Women in Death of a Salesman" A Checklist: Reading the Draft of a Research Paper Electronic Sources Encyclopedias: Print and Electronic Versions The Internet/World Wide Web Evaluating Sources on the World Wide Web A Checklist: A Review for Using the World Wide Web Documentation: Citing a Web Source A Checklist: Citing World Wide Web Sources APPENDIX A: TWO STORIES James Joyce, "Araby" Eudora Welty, "A Worn Path" APPENDIX B: GLOSSARY OF LITERARY TERMS APPENDIX C: HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW ABOUT CITING SOURCES? A QUIZ WITH ANSWERS CREDITS INDEX OF AUTHORS, TITLES, AND FIRST LINES OF POEMS INDEX OF TERMS

Majestic Indolence: English Romantic Poetry and the Work of Art

Abstract: This book examines the theme of indolence in Romantic poetry and demonstrates the rich variety of experiments preformed upon it by a quartet of poets, which focuses on Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley and Keats

Inductive Scrutinies: Focus on Joyce

Abstract: This text includes some of Fritz Senn's essays on James Joyce since the mid-1980s. Written mainly on "Ulysses", they demonstrate his regard for Joyce's text in all its detail. Rather than attempting a broad overview of Senn's writing or illustrating a single theme, the collection is meant to show this critic's lifelong interest in the workings of language - its limitations, its disruptive energies, its allusive potential within and beyond a single work. In particular, they illustrate Senn's ongoing concern with problems of annotation as well as with the pleasurable and active participation of the reader.

Mothers in law : feminist theory and the legal regulation of motherhood

Abstract: This collection of essays presents an examination of many facets of the status of motherhood and the position of mothers in our society. The unifying theme of the contributions is that mothers must often operate within legal constraints that contradict behavioural norms.

Writing about literature

Abstract: 1. Preliminary: The Process of Reading, Responding to, and Writing About Literature. 2. Writing About a Close-Reading: Analyzing Entire Short Poems or Selected Passages from Prose Fiction and Longer Poems. 3. Writing About Character: The People in Literature. 4. Writing About Point of View: The Position or Stance of the Work's Narrator or Speaker. 5. Writing About Plot and Structure: The Development and Organization of Narratives and Drama. 6. Writing About Setting: The Background of Place, Objects, and Culture in Literature. 7. Writing About an Idea or a Theme: The Meanings and the Messages in Literature. 8. Writing About Metaphors and Similes: A Source of Depth and Range in Literature. 9. Writing About Symbolism and Allusions: Windows to a Wide Expanse of Meaning. 10. Writing Essays of Comparison-Contrast and Extended Comparison-Contrast: Learning by Seeing Literary Works Together. Appendix A: Critical Approaches Important in the Study of Literature. Appendix B: Writing Examinations on Literature. Appendix C: The Use of References and Tenses in Writing About Literature. Appendix D: A Brief Anthology of Works Used for Demonstrative Essays and References. Stories: An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, Ambrose Bierce. The Story of an Hour, Kate Chopin. The Three Strangers, Thomas Hardy. Young Goodman Brown, Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Necklace, (in Chapter 1), Guy de Maupassant. First Confession, Frank O'Connor. The Masque of the Red Death, Edgar Allan Poe. Poems: Dover Beach, Matthew Arnold. The Tyger, William Blake. Kubla Khan, Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Desert Places, Robert Frost. Channel Firing, Thomas Hardy. The Man He Killed, Thomas Hardy. Negro, Langston Hughes. Bright Star, John Keats. On First Looking Into Chapman's Homer, (in Chapter 9), John Keats. Rhine Boat Trip, Irving Layton. Patterns, Amy Lowell. Anthem for Doomed Youth, Wilfred Owen. Ballad of Birmingham, Dudley Randall. Echo, Christina Rossetti. Sonnet 30, (in Chapter 9), William Shakespeare. Sonnet 73, William Shakespeare. The Second Coming, William Butler Yeats. The Boxes, Shelly Wagner. Lines Written in Early Spring, William Wordsworth. Plays: The Bear: A Joke in One Act, Anton Chekhov. Trifles, Susan Glaspell. A Glossary of Important Literary Terms.Index of Authors, Directors, First Lines of Poetry, Titles, and Topics.

Indigenous Language Education and Literacy: Introduction to the Theme Issue

Abstract: (1995). Indigenous Language Education and Literacy: Introduction to the Theme Issue. Bilingual Research Journal: Vol. 19, Indigenous Language Education and Literacy, pp. 1-4.

Plato's Statesman : the web of politics

Abstract: In this book an eminent philosopher presents a rich and provocative analysis of the Statesman, one of Plato's most challenging works. Stanley Rosen contends that the main theme of this dialogue is defining the art of politics and the degree to which political experience is subject to the rule of sound judgment (phronesis) and to technical construction (techne). "Rosen tries by explaining the dialogue's philosophical methodology to appeal to readers other than those who specialize in Plato. He succeeds by means of his lucid prose and ordered presentation of the dialogue's twists and turns. A necessary book for all levels of thoughtful readers."-Choice "[Rosen] succeeds . . . in presenting the often obscure intellectual challenges of the dialogue, and so deserves careful consideration from students of Plato."-Kinch Hoekstra, Times Literary Supplement "The Statesman may well be Plato's most difficult work. Rosen's interpretation is penetrating and original, with a rich and humorous description of the recalcitrant details of the dialogue."-David K. O'Connor, University of Notre Dame

Clinical work and cultural imagination.

Abstract: With illustrations from clinical experience in India, this paper discusses the question of the cultural rootedness of psychoanalysis as a therapeutic method and some of the cultural differences, chiefly, the dominance of the theme of "maternal enthrallment," both in Indian cultural imagination and in clinical work with male patients.