Topic
Theobromine
About: Theobromine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1137 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29723 citations. The topic is also known as: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine & Theobromin.
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TL;DR: An improved high performance liquid chromatographic-photodiode array method, using a multi-linear gradient elution, is described for the simultaneous determination of caffeine and its eight primary metabolites as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: An improved high performance liquid chromatographic-photodiode array method, using a multi-linear gradient elution, is described for the simultaneous determination of caffeine and its eight primary metabolites: xanthine (XA), 7-methylxanthine (7-MX), 3-methylxanthine (3-MX), 1-methylxanthine (1-MX), isocaffeine (IC), theobromine (TB), paraxanthine (PA) and theophylline (TP). The separation method Is based on mobile phase optimization and off-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) from human biological fluids: blood serum and urine. The eluting system consisted of ammonium acetate 0.05 M (pH=7) and methanol (90:10 v/v) changing to (40:60 v/v) over a period of 30 min. Identification of metabolites was achieved by photodiode array detector at 270 nm resulting in 2 ng limit of detection, while linearity held up to 20 ng/μL for each compound. Lamotrigine was used as internal standard at a concentration of 10.0 ng/μL. The statistical evaluation of the method was examined performing intra-day (n=8) and inter-day (n=8...
12 citations
TL;DR: In aqueous solutions, poly(2-vinyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine) efficiently absorbs uric acid, xanthine, and theobromine by using three complementary hydrogen bonds.
Abstract: In aqueous solutions, poly(2-vinyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine) efficiently absorbs uric acid, xanthine, and theobromine by using three complementary hydrogen bonds. The adsorption is selective and reversible, indicating a strong potentiality for the practical application.
12 citations
TL;DR: A high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for measuring the theobromine content in cocoa husks, pelleted food and horse urine is described and the time at which the peak excretion rate occurred varied from 2 to 12 h after the last administration, while the excretion rates seemed to be dependent on the urinary flow.
Abstract: A high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for measuring the theobromine content in cocoa husks, pelleted food and horse urine is described. Starting with 2 ml of urine, concentrations of 500 ng/ml could easily be detected. When feed containing 38.4 mg of theobromine was given twice daily to horses for 21/2 days, two days were needed after the last intake before the theobromine concentrations fell below the threshold value of 2 μg/ml. The time at which the peak excretion rate occurred varied from 2 to 12 h after the last administration, while the excretion rate seemed to be dependent on the urinary flow. Theobromine could not be detected in plasma after administration in this way.
12 citations
TL;DR: H2I8 is a polyiodide salt composed of alternating cationic and anionic layers; the former consist of hydrogen-bonded protonated theobromine species and the latter of I164-polyiodide ions.
Abstract: Crystal structure analysis shows that (theobromine)2.H2I8 is a polyiodide salt composed of alternating cationic and anionic layers; the former consist of hydrogen-bonded protonated theobromine species and the latter of I164– polyiodide ions.
12 citations
TL;DR: The biotransformation tended to be efficient under conditions which allowed the coffee cells to vigorously produce caffeine de novo, and was also more efficient than in DK medium.
Abstract: Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) cells are capable of biotransforming theobromine to caffeine. In suspension culture of B2K medium, which is the “production medium” for caffeine, biotransformation was also more efficient than in DK medium. More caffeine was finally produced than calculated based on theobromine added to the medium. On the other hand, the efficiency of the biotransformation using immobilized cells in reticulate polyurethane foam cubes as a matrix varied with the phases. The biotransformation tended to be efficient under conditions which allowed the coffee cells to vigorously produce caffeine de novo.
11 citations