Theobromine

About: Theobromine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1137 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29723 citations. The topic is also known as: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine & Theobromin.

Caffeine Demethylation Monitoring Using a Transdermal Sweat Patch

Abstract: Caffeine and two metabolites (paraxanthine and theobromine) were quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using extracts from transdermal sweat patches that

The theobromine (chocolate) as green inhibitor of mild steel corrosion inhydrochloric acid: Electrochemical and theoretical quantum studies

Abstract: The inhibitive action of Theobromine on corrosion of mild steel in 1M HCl solution has been studied using weight loss measurement, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. It was found that the inhibition efficiency of Theobromine inhibitor increases with increase in concentration of inhibitor and decreases with increase in temperature. The inhibitor show corrosion inhibition efficiency of 90% at 1g/l and 308 K. Polarization data suggested that the Theobromine inhibitor used as mixed type inhibitor. Impedance measurements indicating that the corrosion reaction is controlled by charge transfer process. The adsorption of Theobromine on the metal surface was found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) was employed for quantum chemical calculations to correlate the experimental findings.

Determination of the concentration of caffeine, theobromine, and gallic acid in commercial tea samples

Abstract: Green tea, one of the most widely consumed beverage in the world, has many health benefits due to compounds such as caffeine, theobromine, and gallic acid. Highperformance-liquid chromatography was used to determine the concentration of caffeine in commercial green tea samples. Introduction Green tea is the most commonly consumed beverage in the world after water.1 It is derived from the tea plant Camellia sinensis. The extent of fermentation of the tea plant determines the type of tea. Oolong and paochong teas are partially fermented; black and red teas are fully fermented; and green teas are nonfermented.2 The nonfermented green tea supposedly contains the highest concentration of polyphenols.3 Polyphenols are powerful antioxidants which are compounds that may protect cells from damage by breaking down free radicals. Green tea has many different compounds, including proteins, carbohydrates, xanthic bases, pigments, volatile compounds, minerals and trace elements, and polyphenols and phenolic acids.1 Some important compounds, such as those analyzed by Fernandez et al. include caffeine, theobromine, and catechins such as gallic acid. Caffeine and theobromine are alkaloids that share a similar structure. The compounds also have similar effects as nervous system stimulants and diuretics. Gallic acid is a phenolic acid and an antioxidant. The structures of these three compounds are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Structures of Caffeine, theobromine, and gallic acid Green tea is growing in popularity in the United States because of its health benefits. It has been used as a medicine since ancient times. Chinese medicine has used it as treatment for headaches, body aches and pains, digestion, depression, and an energizer.1 Green tea is also thought to have antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic potential, due to the large number of antioxidants. For that reason, the health benefits of green tea have been researched. It is important to determine the concentrations of such helpful compounds in Concordia College Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2 (2011), 31-35 32 different tea samples. College students in particular are consuming more and more tea as its availability increases. Green tea is available in supermarkets, either in bag form or bottled, or in cafes and coffee shops. The composition of these teas may or may not be similar. It is important to know the relative concentrations of beneficial compounds such as caffeine, gallic acid, and theobromine. In a method based off of Fernandez et al.2, caffeine, theobromine, and gallic acid concentrations were attempted to be determined using HPLC analysis.

The Effect of Caffeine on the Bacterial Populations in a Freshwater Aquarium System

Abstract: Caffeine is becoming a common chemical found in the environment but, little research has been done to understand the environmental effects of caffeine, including dissolved caffeine in aquatic systems. The goal of this research study was to begin to understand how caffeine may interact with aquatic environment, using the bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas, commonly found in the aquatic habitat. We found that Pseudomonas shows an increase in growth when exposed to caffeine, which results in a change in spectrophotometric absorbance, increase in bacterial colony count in the presence of caffeine, and in bio-film like sheen appearing on the glass of the experimental aquarium. Along with the increased bacterial growth, a dramatic increase in ammonia concentrations was observed. Ammonia is toxic to fish, and can be correlated with the metabolic activity of the Pseudomonas bacteria, making the caffeinated environment toxic for aquatic life. Caffeine is a common chemical found in the environment. An evaluation of 139 stream sites in the U.S. for the occurrence of organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) found that caffeine was the fourth most frequently detected chemical, and occurred in 70% of the samples (Kolpin et al.,2002). Caffeine is one of the most commonly consumed chemicals in the United States and Europe, with one in three Americans consuming approximately 200mg of caffeine each day (Leonard et al., 1987). Caffeine is an alkaloid found in many plant species. It belongs to the group of compounds known as methylxanthines which include theobromine (cocoa) and theophylline (tea). Because of its excellent solubility and slow rate of degradation, caffeine can persist in aquatic environments (Seiler et al., 2005) and has the potential to biomagnify through the food chain. Thus, even a small amount of dissolved caffeine in aquatic environment can concentrate over time. The fact that caffeine is one of the most common compounds found in sewage has been known for over 20 years (Garrison et al., 1976), but the nature of its effect on the aquatic environment still remains unclear. These effects need to be studied so the appropriate agencies in charge of environmental protection can take steps to manage caffeine presence in the