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Theobromine

About: Theobromine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1137 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29723 citations. The topic is also known as: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine & Theobromin.


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Patent
05 Dec 1994
TL;DR: Theophylline, theobromine and derivatives and salts thereof are used for the chronic prophylactic treatment of mild asthma as discussed by the authors, and they are used in the treatment of lung cancer.
Abstract: Theophylline, theobromine and derivatives and salts thereof are used for the chronic prophylactic treatment of mild asthma.

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using a number of drugs that increase cellular cAMP levels, alterations in the amount of cell surface fibronectin and other transformation parameters were studied in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, suggesting that the reverse transformation properties fall into two groups-low saturation density, cell arrest at G1 phase and anchorage-dependent growth.

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a method for the extraction and quantification of purine alkaloids from cocoa beans, Theobroma cacao plants and tissues cultivated in vitro have been developed.
Abstract: Protocols for the extraction and quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography of purine alkaloids from cocoa beans, Theobroma cacao plants and tissues cultivated in vitro have been developed. These allow the rapid determination of 7-methylxanthine, 3-dimethylxanthines and caffeine from complex mixtures and represent improvements over published methods. Alkaloids were extracted in boiling water and the extracts clarified by precipitation and filtration. Chromatography was carried out using C18 reverse-phase columns with isocratic elution. The eluate was monitored routinely at 280 nm and compounds quantified using external standards. Estimations of purine alkaloid recoveries were better than 98% for caffeine, theobromine and theophylline. Reproducibility of replicate injections averaged 99% with coefficients of variation between replicate extractions typically less than 5% except for small samples (i.e., less than 0.2 g dry weight). Results for cocoa nibs and shells; roots, stem, green and red leaves of the cocoa plant; callus and suspension-cultured cells and growth media from one type of cocoa are reported.

7 citations

Journal Article
VanderPloeg Lc1, Wolfrom Dm, Rao Ar, Braselton We, Welsch Cw 
TL;DR: While a consistent significant stimulatory effect of caffeine and theophylline on mammary lobulo/alveolar differentiation was observed when the methylxanthines were consumed orally (drinking water), no direct effect of these methylxAnthines, when placed directly into the mammary gland or in culture media, on mammae development was observed.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the comparative activities of three methylxanthines, i.e., 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (caffeine), 1,3-dimethylxanthine (theophylline), and 3,7-dimethylxanthine (theobromine) on developmental growth of the mammary gland in ovarian-hormone treated, mature nulliparous female Balb/c mice. When caffeine or theophylline was administered daily (via drinking water, 500 mg/L) for 30 days to 17 beta-estradiol/progesterone-treated intact or ovariectomized mice, a significant (p less than 0.05) enhancement of hormone-induced mammary gland lobulo-alveolar differentiation was observed. Caffeine or theophylline thus accelerated and/or intensified mammae lobulo-alveolar differentiation induced by the ovarian steroids. In contrast, theobromine (500 mg/L drinking water) did not significantly modify this developmental process. The stimulatory effect of caffeine and theophylline on mammae development was comparable quantitatively. In an effort to determine whether or not the stimulatory effect of caffeine or theophylline was directly on the mammary gland, small slow-release Elvax-40P pellets containing these methylxanthines were implanted directly into the mammary gland of mice concurrently treated with estrogen and progesterone. No significant stimulatory effect of caffeine or theophylline (or theobromine) was observed. Furthermore, the addition of methylxanthines (caffeine, 100 microM) to the culture media of whole mouse mammary glands (organ cultures) did not enhance lobulo-alveolar differentiation induced by mammotrophic hormones. Thus, while a consistent significant stimulatory effect of caffeine and theophylline on mammary lobulo/alveolar differentiation was observed when the methylxanthines were consumed orally (drinking water), no direct effect of these methylxanthines, when placed directly into the mammary gland or in culture media, on mammae development was observed. These data demonstrate that certain methylxanthines (e.g., caffeine and theophylline) but not others (e.g., theobromine) can significantly enhance mammotrophic hormone-induced mammary lobulo-alveolar differentiation in female Balb/c mice, an effect that appears not to be manifested via a direct action of the methylxanthines on the mammary gland.

7 citations

Patent
10 Jan 2013
TL;DR: According to the invention, zerumbone is used for a slimming topical treatment as mentioned in this paper and can be combined with an agent that mimics the beneficial effects of caloric restriction via a hormetic response, preferably a Globularia cordifolia extract, and/or a lipolytic additional active agent, preferably from the methylxanthine family.
Abstract: According to the invention, zerumbone is used for a slimming topical treatment. Zerumbone is preferably extracted from Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith.In addition according to the invention zerumbone can be combined with an agent that mimics the beneficial effects of caloric restriction via a hormetic response, preferably a Globularia cordifolia extract,and/or a lipolytic additional active agent, preferably from the methylxanthine family, including caffeine, theophylline, theobromine or aminophylline.

7 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202339
202288
202122
202036
201937
201840