Topic
Theobromine
About: Theobromine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1137 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29723 citations. The topic is also known as: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine & Theobromin.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: The inverse relationship observed between cGMP and tyrosine aminotransferase degradation is consistent with a role for this cyclic nucleotide in the control of specific protein degradation.
4 citations
TL;DR: Theophylline and theobromine, but not caffeine and xanthine, protect sensitised guinea‐pigs against anaphylactic shock induced by aerosolised antigen.
Abstract: Theophylline and theobromine, but not caffeine and xanthine, protect sensitised guinea-pigs against anaphylactic shock induced by aerosolised antigen. There is an inhibition of release of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis and some reduction in histamine release. The lung lipid changes associated with anaphylactic shock are prevented by pre-treatment with theophylline.
4 citations
TL;DR: The diuretic effects and the pattern of electrolyte excretion in the urine following the injection of the xanthines and Mictine were qualitatively similar to those observed following epinephrine.
Abstract: The injection of caffeine, theobromine, theophylline and Mictine in doses of 25–250 mg/kg produced effects almost indistinguishable from those of epinephrine in doses of 1 mg/kg. The diuretic effects and the pattern of electrolyte excretion in the urine following the injection of the xanthines and Mictine were qualitatively similar to those observed following epinephrine. The xanthines also produced glycogenolysis. Hyperglycemia, increased blood and urine lactic acid, and glycosuria occurred in all experimentals. The xanthine diuretics and Mictine increased neuromuscular irritability. Pupillary constriction occurred following the injection of the xanthines, Mictine, and epinephrine. L -epinephrine and l -norepinephrine resembled epinephrine, U.S.P., in their effects on the alligator. Xanthine in doses of 250 mg/kg was inactive.
4 citations
TL;DR: In experiments on rats, after intraperitoneal injection of theophylline the content of oxidized forms of pyridine nucleotides was reduced, the level of the reduced forms showed a tendency to decrease, and the total content of nicotinamide coenzymes was significantly reduced.
Abstract: In experiments on rats, after intraperitoneal injection of theophylline the content of oxidized forms of pyridine nucleotides (NAD+NADP) was reduced by 19.4%, the level of the reduced forms (NAD·H2+NADP·H2) showed a tendency to decrease, and the total content of nicotinamide coenzymes was significantly reduced. After administration of caffeine the content of NAD+NADP and the total pyridine nucleotides showed a tendency to decrease. Theobromine had no significant effect on these parameters. The action of catecholamines and methylxanthines was compared. Isoproternol (exciting β-adrenergic receptors) lowered the NAD+NADP content, but adrenalin (25 μg/kg) increased the content of both oxidized (by 24%) and reduced (48%) forms of pyridine nucleotides. An increase in the dose of adrenalin (1000 μg/kg) led to a decrease in the level of oxidized forms (by 22.2%) and of the total nicotinamide coenzymes (by 18%).
4 citations
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: The mechanisms of how cocoa consumption actually reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease are not completely known yet; however, many ongoing research studies show that the bioavailability of nitric oxide is significant.
Abstract: This review article examines and discusses the advantageous effects of chocolate and its various components on cardiovascular disease. Based on both observational and experimental studies, cocoa consumption is correlated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Complementing this, cocoa consumption is also highly associated with reduced blood pressure, usually accounting for decreases in blood pressure by 3–5 mm Hg. A large contributing factor influencing these beneficial cardioprotective effects is chocolate's many components. For instance, chocolate contains many elements such as lipids, minerals, fiber, theobromine, and most notably flavonoids. Flavonoids are in many different plant-derived foods such as tea, grapes, wine, berries, and cocoa; chocolate is particularly rich in a subclass of flavonoids called flavanols. Usually, the percentage of cacao in chocolate influences the concentration of flavanols present; dark chocolate tends to contain more flavanols than milk chocolate. These flavanols are a highly significant component of cacao as they provide numerous cardiovascular health benefits. They have antihypertensive, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant qualities. The mechanisms of how cocoa consumption actually reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease are not completely known yet; however, many ongoing research studies show that the bioavailability of nitric oxide is significant.
4 citations