Topic
Theobromine
About: Theobromine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1137 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29723 citations. The topic is also known as: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine & Theobromin.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
TL;DR: This is the first reported strain genetically optimized for the biosynthetic production of paraxanthine, a purine alkaloid derivative of caffeine, by means of whole-cell biocatalysts using varying dosages of ndmA4, ndmD, and the frmAB formaldehyde dehydrogenase genes.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a 2-6 μm mid-infrared wavelength was emitted through a Mid-Infrared Generating Atomizer (MIRGA) without creating any adverse effects.
3 citations
21 Dec 2010
TL;DR: Clinical- epidemiological observations as well as the pathophysiological background and suggestions for the therapeutic use of methylxanthine derivatives in the management of fibrotic liver diseases are provided.
Abstract: Several epidemiological studies suggest that coffee drinking is associated with a slower progression of fibrogenesis in patients with chronic, particularly alcoholic, liver disease. However, a causal, mechanistic explanation was pending. New results indicate that the methylxanthine caffeine, major component of coffee and the most widely consumed pharmacologically active substance in the world, might be responsible for this phenomenon as it inhibits the synthesis of Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF/CCN2) in liver parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, primarily by inducing degradation of Smad2 (and to a much lesser extent Smad3). In particular paraxanthine has been identified as the most potent inhibitor of CTGF synthesis among the three primary metabolites of caffeine, i.e. paraxanthine, theophylline, and theobromine. CTGF plays a crucial role in the fibrotic remodeling of various organs which has therefore frequently been proposed as therapeutic target in the management of fibrotic disorders. This article summarizes the clinical- epidemiological observations as well as the pathophysiological background and provides suggestions for the therapeutic use of methylxanthine derivatives in the management of fibrotic liver diseases.
3 citations
TL;DR: Caffeine intake in a sample of children in a region of Switzerland was relatively low and self-reported caffeine intake correlated weakly with urinary excretion of caffeine and some of its main metabolites.
Abstract: The objectives of this study were (1) to estimate caffeine intake and identify the main sources of intake using a dietary questionnaire, (2) to assess 24-h urinary excretion of caffeine and its metabolites, and (3) to assess how self-reported intake estimates correlates with urinary excretion among children in Switzerland. We conducted a cross-sectional study of children between 6 and 16 years of age in one region of Switzerland. The participants filled in a dietary questionnaire and collected a 24-h urine sample. Caffeine intake was estimated with the questionnaire. Caffeine, paraxanthine, theophylline, and theobromine excretions were measured in the urine sample. Correlations between questionnaire-based intake and urinary excretion estimates were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients. Ninety-one children were included in the analysis (mean age 10.6 years; 43% female). The mean daily caffeine intake estimate derived from the diet questionnaire was 39 mg (range 0–237), corresponding, when related to body weight, to 1.2 mg/kg (range 0.0–6.3). Seven children (8%) had a caffeine intake above the upper recommended level of 3 mg/kg per day. The main sources of caffeine intake were cocoa milk (29%), chocolate (25%), soft drinks (11%), mocha yogurt (10%), tea (8%), and energy drinks (8%). The 24-h urinary excretion of caffeine was 0.3 mg (range 0.0–1.5), paraxanthine 1.4 mg (range 0.0–7.1), theophylline 0.1 mg (range 0.0–0.6), and theobromine 14.8 mg (range 0.3–59.9). The correlations between estimates of caffeine intake and the 24-h urinary excretion of caffeine was modest (ρ = 0.21, p = 0.046) and with the metabolites of caffeine were weak (ρ = 0.09–0.11, p = 0.288–0.423). Caffeine intake in a sample of children in a region of Switzerland was relatively low. The major sources of intake were cocoa milk, chocolate and soft drinks. Self-reported caffeine intake correlated weakly with urinary excretion of caffeine and some of its main metabolites. NCT02900261.
3 citations
TL;DR: Results obtained from radiation studies on caffeine both in other laboratories and more recently in this laboratory using the bacterial spore as the test system, six compounds with chemical structures closely resembling that of caffeine were tested as radiation modifiers.
Abstract: SummaryAs an extension of results obtained from radiation studies on caffeine both in other laboratories and more recently in this laboratory using the bacterial spore as the test system, six compounds with chemical structures closely resembling that of caffeine were tested as radiation modifiers. Of these compounds, purine, adenine and hypoxanthine resembled caffeine in sensitizing spores to radiation, while theobromine, xanthine and theophylline did not. These responses are discussed in relation to the electron sequestration hypothesis of cellular sensitization to high-energy radiation.
3 citations