Theobromine

About: Theobromine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1137 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29723 citations. The topic is also known as: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine & Theobromin.

Carbon‐14 ring labelling of some methylxanthines of pharmacological importance

Abstract: Preparative, separative and analytical methods are described for the following labelled compounds: 4-amino[5-14C] formamidouracil (II), 1,3-dimethyl-4-amino[5-14C]formamidouracil (III), 1,3-dimethyl[S-14c]xanthine ([8-14C]theophylline) (IV), 1,3,7-trimethyl [8-14C]xanthine ([8-14C]caffeine) (V), 4-amino[2-14C]uracil (VI),′ 4-amino-5-nitroso[2-14C]uracil (VII), 4,5-diamino[2-14C]uracil (VIII), [2-14C]xanthine (IX), 3-methyl[2-14C]xanthine (X), [2-14C]theobromine (XI), [2-14c]theophylline (XII) and [2-14c]caffeine (XIII).

Methylxanthines Induce a Change in the AD/Neurodegeneration-Linked Lipid Profile in Neuroblastoma Cells

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by an increased plaque burden and tangle accumulation in the brain accompanied by extensive lipid alterations. Methylxanthines (MTXs) are alkaloids frequently consumed by dietary intake known to interfere with the molecular mechanisms leading to AD. Besides the fact that MTX consumption is associated with changes in triglycerides and cholesterol in serum and liver, little is known about the effect of MTXs on other lipid classes, which raises the question of whether MTX can alter lipids in a way that may be relevant in AD. Here we have analyzed naturally occurring MTXs caffeine, theobromine, theophylline, and the synthetic MTXs pentoxifylline and propentofylline also used as drugs in different neuroblastoma cell lines. Our results show that lipid alterations are not limited to triglycerides and cholesterol in the liver and serum, but also include changes in sphingomyelins, ceramides, phosphatidylcholine, and plasmalogens in neuroblastoma cells. These changes comprise alterations known to be beneficial, but also adverse effects regarding AD were observed. Our results give an additional perspective of the complex link between MTX and AD, and suggest combining MTX with a lipid-altering diet compensating the adverse effects of MTX rather than using MTX alone to prevent or treat AD.

Toxicokinetics of caffeine elimination in an infant.

Abstract: The kinetics of caffeine elimination were followed in a ten month old female acutely intoxicated on a street form of the drug. Urine drug screening by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry also showed the presence of ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, caffeine, theophylline and theobromine. Blood analyses using high pressure liquid chromatography gave evidence for the presence of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine and 1,7-dimethylxanthine. Sequentially taken blood samples determined that the initial stage of caffeine elimination was nonlinear. The Vmax =27.6 μg/ml/hr and Km = 284.6 μg/ml. At a plasma level of approximately 30 μg/ml the elimination became first order with ke = 0.097 hr-1 and t1/2 = 7.1 hr. The metabolic generation of theophylline and its elimination were also studied. Theophylline ke = 0.069 hr-1 and t1/2 = 10.0 hr. Elimination of both drugs was anomalously long for a child of this age.