Topic
Theobromine
About: Theobromine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1137 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29723 citations. The topic is also known as: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine & Theobromin.
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2 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that methylxanthines may interact with interferon-mediated actions and be inhibitory on the basal but not on the induced 2,5An synthetase, as shown with poly(I)poly(C) alone.
Abstract: The in vivo effects of methylxanthines on 2’,5'‐oligoadenylate (2,5An) synthetase activity, an interferon‐inducible enzyme, were investigated in rat liver nuclei. Caffeine given at 50 mg/kg ip or theobromine given at 80 mg/kg sc twice daily for 5 d resulted in a 60% reduction (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) of 2,5An synthetase activity in liver nuclei. Theophylline given at 80 mglkg sc by the same regimen reduced the enzyme activity by 42% (p < 0.05). Nuclear 2'‐phosphodiesterase activity, which catalyzes the degradation of 2,5An, remained low and unchanged following the drug treatments. When animals receiving caffeine were also given the interferon inducer poly(l)poly(C) at 500 μg/kg ip once daily for the last 2 d of caffeine treatment, it resulted in the same fourfold increase in 2,5An synthetase activity as shown with poly(l)poly(C) alone. These results suggest that methylxanthines may interact with interferon‐mediated actions. The reason for the inhibitory effect of methylxanthines on the basal ...
2 citations
Journal Article•
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TL;DR: In this article, the absorption and fluorescence spectra of aqueous solutions of xanthine, caffeine, theophylline and theobromine have been studied at different pH.
Abstract: Electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra of aqueous solutions of xanthine, caffeine, theophylline and theobromine have been studied at different pH. The observed spectra have been interpreted in terms of neutral and ionic forms of the molecules with the help of molecular orbital calculations. At neutral and acidic pH, the spectra can be assigned to the corresponding most stable neutral forms, with the exception that the fluorescence of xanthine at acidic pH appears to originate from the lowest singlet excited state of a cation of the molecule. At alkaline pH, xanthine and theophylline exist mainly as their monoanions. In xanthine and theophylline at alkaline pH, fluorescence originates from the lowest singlet excited state of the corresponding anion. However, in caffeine and theobromine, even at alkaline pH, fluorescence belongs to the neutral species. On the whole, the properties of xanthine are quite different from those of the methyl xanthines.
2 citations
TL;DR: Theobromine has shown health benefits in several studies, attributed to regulation of calcium homeostasis, phosphodiesterase, neurotransmission, and neurotrophins as mentioned in this paper , which is a common ingredient of many natural foods consumed by a large population worldwide.
Abstract: Cerebral hypoperfusion (CH) is a common underlying mechanism of dementia disorders linked to aberrations in the neurovascular unit. Hemodynamic disturbances adversely affect cellular energy homeostasis that triggers a sequence of events leading to irrevocable damage to the brain and neurobehavioral discrepancies. Theobromine is a common ingredient of many natural foods consumed by a large population worldwide. Theobromine has shown health benefits in several studies, attributed to regulation of calcium homeostasis, phosphodiesterase, neurotransmission, and neurotrophins. The current study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of theobromine against CH in the permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) prototype. Wistar rats were distributed in Sham-operated (S), S + T100, CH, CH + T50, and CH + T100 groups. Animals received permanent BCCAO or Sham treatment on day 1. Theobromine (50, 100 mg/kg) was given orally in animals subjected to BCCAO for 14 days daily. CH caused neurological deficits (12-point scale), motor dysfunction, and memory impairment in rats. Treatment with theobromine significantly attenuated neurological deficits and improved sensorimotor functions and memory in rats with CH. In biochemistry investigation of the entire brain, findings disclosed reduction in brain oxidative stress, inflammatory intermediaries (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and - 6, nuclear factor-κB), markers of cell demise (lactate dehydrogenase, caspase-3), acetylcholinesterase activity, and improvement in γ-aminobutyric acid quantity in rats that were given theobromine for 14 days daily after CH. Histopathological analysis substantiated attenuation of neurodegenerative changes by theobromine. The findings of this study indicated that theobromine could improve neurological scores, sensorimotor abilities, and memory in CH prototype.
2 citations