Topic
Theobromine
About: Theobromine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1137 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29723 citations. The topic is also known as: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine & Theobromin.
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TL;DR: A simple reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of caffeine and paraxanthine in human serum is described.
60 citations
TL;DR: Findings indicate that inhibition of cGMP-preferring PDE is involved in the locomotor activating effects of the acute administration of paraxanthine, which might contribute to the reinforcing effects of caffeine in humans.
59 citations
59 citations
TL;DR: The experimental model of cultured human hepatocytes was shown to be capable of assessing the metabolic profile of two methylxanthines which is in agreement with the situation encountered in vivo, suggesting that a breakthrough may be brought in new drugs development by the predictability from human hepatocyte culture model to the in vivo human situation.
58 citations
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: Quantitative metabolic study of dimethylxanthines demonstrated that paraxanthine is the most important pathway in man and its high plasma concentration cannot be explained by a lower level of metabolism or urinary excretion compared with theobromine and theophylline.
Abstract: Because only 4 % of human urinary caffeine metabolites are trimethyl derivatives, in contrast to 42 % in the rat, demethylation of caffeine into dimethylxanthines and the metabolic pathways of these dimethylxanthines were studied in man. After oral administration of caffeine to overnight fasted volunteers, plasma kinetics of caffeine and paraxanthine, theophylline, theobromine produced by demethylation were analyzed and showed a parallel increase of caffeine and paraxanthine while theophylline and theobromine plasma concentration exhibited a small increase. Quantitative metabolic study of dimethylxanthines demonstrated that paraxanthine is the most important pathway in man and its high plasma concentration cannot be explained by a lower level of metabolism or urinary excretion compared with theobromine and theophylline. Uracil derivatives of caffeine, paraxanthine and theobromine were identified and quantified with 14 other metabolites. In addition 5-acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil was also quantified after paraxanthine administration. 1-Methylxanthine was shown to be the precursor of this acetylated uracil. Quantitatively the paraxanthine pathway corresponds to 72% of the first demethylation of caffeine and half of the urinary metabolites are 1-methylxanthine and 1-methylxanthine derivatives.
58 citations