Topic
Theobromine
About: Theobromine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1137 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29723 citations. The topic is also known as: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine & Theobromin.
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated, however, that caffeine, theophylline, theobromine and xanthine increase or potentiate the effect of histamine on gastric secretion in dogs with pouches of the entire stomach.
Abstract: Previous studies had shown that caffeine when given alone does not stimulate gastric acid secretion in the dog but does in the cat and man. The present study shows that theophylline given alone does not stimulate gastric secretion in the dog. It is demonstrated, however, that caffeine, theophylline, theobromine and xanthine increase or potentiate the effect of histamine on gastric secretion in dogs with pouches of the entire stomach. Caffeine also potentiates the gastric secretory stimulation produced by Urecholine (a parasympathomimetic drug) in dogs with pouches of the entire stomach and greatly increases the secretory response to a meal of horse meat in Heidenhain pouch dogs. The possible mechanisms of these effects are discussed.
22 citations
01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: In the mate plant (Ilex paraguaryensis Lamb), the levels of theobromine and theophylline were found to be higher in younger tissues.
Abstract: Caffeine, theobromine and theophylline contents were determined in developing and old leaves, bark, wood, and immature and mature fruits of the mate plant (Ilex paraguaryensis Lamb.). Caffeine and theobromine levels were always higher in younger tissues. Analysis in partially shaded plant showed a proportional increase of theobromine when compared to caffeine. Theophylline was not detected in bark, wood and fruits. Additional index terms: Caffeine, metabolism, mate plant, methylxanthines.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the kinetics of degradation of caffeine and related methylxanthines by induced cells of Pseudomonas sp. was performed and the results showed that degradation of the three substrates followed the Michealis-Menten kinetics.
Abstract: In this study, the kinetics of degradation of caffeine and related methylxanthines by induced cells of Pseudomonas sp. was performed. The kinetics data showed that degradation of caffeine, theobromine, and 7-methylxanthine followed Michealis–Menten kinetics. The values of Km are low for caffeine and 7-methylxanthine and high for theobromine. Degradation of caffeine and theobromine was enhanced in the presence of NADH and NADPH, whereas the degradation of 7-methylxanthine was unaffected. Among the various metal ions tested, Fe2+ was found to enhance the rate of degradation for all three substrates, whereas Zn2+ and Cu2+ inhibited the degradation of caffeine and theobromine but not 7-methylxanthine. The differences in kinetic parameters and cofactor requirement suggest the possibility of the involvement of more than one N-demethylases in the caffeine catabolic pathway in Pseudomonas sp. The induced cells can serve as effective biocatalysts for the development of biodecaffeination techniques.
22 citations
TL;DR: This review describes basic data about caffeine including toxicity, pharmacokinetics, biological mechanism of the action, and metabolism, and promising applications of caffeine, new medicaments and derivatives are discussed.
Abstract: Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a plant secondary metabolite with a significant impact on multiple processes and regulatory pathways in the body. Though major part of the population meets caffeine via coffee, tea or chocolate, it has also an important role in pharmacology and it is used as a supplementary substance in medicaments. Currently, the ability of caffeine to ameliorate some neurodegenerative disorders is proved in some studies. This review describes basic data about caffeine including toxicity, pharmacokinetics, biological mechanism of the action, and metabolism. Beside this, promising applications of caffeine, new medicaments and derivatives are discussed. Relevant papers and inventions are depicted in the manuscript. Caffeine is a pharmacologically promising substance that deserves big consideration in the current research and development. The compound has several reasons to be an object of scientific interest and to be used for pharmacology purposes. Despite an extensive research for a long time, no significantly negative effects on human health were proved hence caffeine can be considered as a completely safe compound. The recent data about amelioration of neurodegenerative and other disorders are promising and deserving more work on the issue. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS: Caffeine is a purine alkaloid from plants and it has a broad use in current pharmacology. Caffeine is a competitive antagonist of neurotransmitter adenosine on adenosine receptors. The substance is added as a supplementary to drugs and food.Besides interfering on adenosine receptors, caffeine interacts with acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase, phosphodiesterase, ryanodine receptors and others.Current research is devoted to the role of caffeine in neurodegenerative diseases and immunity alteration. New chemical compounds based on caffeine moiety are prepared (Tab. 4, Fig. 6, Ref. 149).
22 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of halogenated pyridines were used as ligands for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross couplings of a set of anilines with phenylboronic acid.
22 citations