Topic
Theobromine
About: Theobromine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1137 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29723 citations. The topic is also known as: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine & Theobromin.
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TL;DR: Theophylline and theobromine were identified as caffeine metabolites in serum and urine and the terminal elimination half-life of the former, estimated in two camels, was 70.
20 citations
TL;DR: It has been shown that, except for the p-aminobenzoic acid interaction, caffeine has the greatest solubilizing action on the acids listed in the title while theobromine exhibits the smallest effect.
Abstract: Previous studies have shown that caffeine forms molecular complexes in solution with various compounds. The present report extends this investigation to other methylated xanthines. It has been shown that, except for the p-aminobenzoic acid interaction, caffeine has the greatest solubilizing action on the acids listed in the title while theobromine exhibits the smallest effect. The results also indicate that the solubility of the complexes formed parallels the solubility of the parent xanthines. Although their solubilities differ greatly, the stability constants of the complexes formed with any given acid by the three xanthines are usually quite similar.
20 citations
TL;DR: 1-Propyl-3,7-dimethylxanthine and 1-propargyl-2,4,5,6-dimethyltestosterone (EC50 5 mM) were several-fold more potent than caffeine in causing elevation of [Ca2+]i and the latter was at least as efficacious.
20 citations
TL;DR: During the process of studying caffeine's effects on developing teeth, a serendipitous discovery was made that theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), which is similar to caffeine, caused formation of larger HAP crystallites in vitro.
Abstract: During the process of studying caffeine's effects on developing teeth, a serendipitous discovery was made. Teeth comprise hydroxylapatite (HAP). Ingestion of caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) caused the formation of smaller crystallites of HAP in the developing teeth. This resulted in the increased release of calcium and phosphorus ions from the enamel surface when exposed to acidic solutions in vitro. Furthermore, animal study confirmed the hypothesis that smaller HAP crystallites caused the increased incidence of dental caries. In contrast, theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), which is similar to caffeine, caused formation of larger HAP crystallites in vitro. The ingestion of theobromine by lactating dams showed a decreased release of calcium and phosphorus ions from the enamel surface in the developing teeth of neonates in vivo. The use of fluoride dentifrices is controversial. It is also well documented that young children who brush their teeth often ingest fluoride-containing dentifrices. Based upon ...
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, single crystal X-ray structures of new perchlorate salts of a series of xanthine alkaloids, for example, Xanthine (xt), caffeine (cf), theophylline (tp), and theobromine (tb) are reported.
Abstract: Single crystal X-ray structures of new perchlorate salts of a series of four xanthine alkaloids, for example, xanthine (xt), caffeine (cf), theophylline (tp), and theobromine (tb) are reported. The treatment of xanthine derivatives with 70% of HClO4 afforded their salts Hxt·ClO4·2(H2O), 1; Htp·ClO4, 2; Htb·ClO4, 3; and Hcf·ClO4·H2O, 4. Xanthine form dimers via N(9)−H···O−C(6) hydrogen bond in the crystal structure. Of the two possible resonance structures of the protonated imidazoles, one of the structures was found to be major in xanthine, theobromine, and caffeine salts, while both structures are of equal contribution in theophylline salts. These observations also have been verified by using the structural information available in the Cambridge Structural Database. Interestingly, xanthine 1 is present as a dihydrate and 4 as a monohydrate, whereas 2 and 3 are crystallized without any water. Thus, proton transfer from the strong acid HClO4 to the weakly basic imidazole ring of xanthines occurs which lead...
20 citations