Showing papers on "Thermal decomposition published in 2022"
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present a collection of recommendations for the kinetic analysis of thermal decomposition processes in inorganic, organic, and polymeric materials, as well as biomass and solid fuels.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a weaker interaction in the process of co-pyrolysis of pine branches and peat (CPBP) is observed under the condition of multiple factors investigated in this work.
37 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the three-phase product yield and tar component distribution were studied through a series of characterization methods and synergistic effect in pine branches and peat were discussed and three kinetic models to calculate the obtained TGA data and determine the kinetic parameters.
37 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the effects of NaHCO3 on coal dust explosion by employing a simultaneous thermal analyzer and a standard 20-L spherical chamber, and the results demonstrated that the thermal decomposition temperature of coal dust was increased and the thermal deformation rate, maximum heat flow, and heat release were decreased after the addition of NaHCO3.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the thermal transformation of perfluoropentanoic acid (C4F9C(O)OH, PFPA), in gas-phase reactions over broad ranges of temperature and residence time.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors studied the thermal transformation of perfluoropentanoic acid (C 4 F 9 C(O)OH, PFPA) in gas phase reactions over broad ranges of temperature and residence time, which characterise incinerators and cement kilns.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of hexanoic acid (HAA) on the thermal decomposition of BPO were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of hexanoic acid (HAA) on the thermal decomposition of BPO were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments.
Abstract: Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is a common cross-linking agent and initiator that is widely used in the chemical industry. The instability of a substance may be influenced by the presence of impurities; therefore, the thermal hazard of organic peroxides under contamination has always been a topic of interest. In this study, the effects of hexanoic acid (HAA) on the thermal decomposition of BPO were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC; 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, and 10.0 °C/min) experiments. By using the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa kinetic models, the progress of the obtained DSC curve was fitted linearly, and the thermokinetic parameters of BPO in the presence of HAA were further calculated. The two apparent activation energy calculations consistently indicated that HAA increased the thermal hazard of BPO. In addition, the Coats-Redfern model was adopted to compute the decomposition mechanism function of each phase of the material, and Gaussian 16 was used to determine the atomic bonding levels between the molecules to discover the thermal decomposition reaction path of BPO under the effect of HAA. The study results can be used as a reference for the loss prevention and control of BPO in practical engineering applications.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , Li-S batteries are considered to be a promising energy storage device and to ensure practical applications at natural environment, LiS batteries must be capable of performing normally at low temperature.
Abstract: Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered to be a promising energy storage device. To ensure practical applications at natural environment, Li-S batteries must be capable of performing normally at low temperature....
22 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors employed the rigid tetrazole ligand to obtain two 3D energetic metal-organic frameworks (EMOFs) [Cd3(N3)2(tz)3(OH)]n 2 (Htz=tetrazole).
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a regeneration test of a diesel particulate filter (DPF) was conducted under different temperature conditions with air as the gas source and a nonthermal plasma (NTP) injection system.
TL;DR: In this article , a series of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) containing novel guanidinium salts was designed and synthesized through a simple and efficient route, which improved the dimensional stability of the AEM.
TL;DR: In this paper , a detailed composition of coal extracts was obtained through the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses.
TL;DR: In this article, a novel heat-resistant compound, 5,5′-bis(4-nitro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)−2H,2′H-3,3, 3,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,33,34,35,36,37,39,40,41
TL;DR: In this article, a series of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) containing novel guanidinium salts was designed and synthesized through a simple and efficient route, which improved the dimensional stability of the AEMs and showed excellent thermal stability.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors demonstrate a reactive combustion catalyst strategy based on the clever use of the novel structure of Ti3C2 MXene, including appropriate reactivity, high energy storage, and large specific surface area.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the thermal degradation and kinetics of mustard stalks using TGA at 30 to 900 °C at four different heating rates (10, 20, 30, and 40 °C).
TL;DR: In this paper , 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzoylacetonitrile (3-TBL) was selected as a film-forming flame-retardant additive for the NCM811 cathode of the high-voltage lithium-ion battery, and the synergistic effect with lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate enhanced the battery cycle and safety performance.
Abstract: The high nickel layered oxide cathode LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) is widely used in new energy power and equipment due to its high density and low cost. However, the NCM811 cathode is prone to structural rupture, dissolution of transition metal ions, and damage to the electrode/electrolyte interface under high voltage, causing degradation of battery performance and safety issues. In this paper, 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzoylacetonitrile (3-TBL) was selected as a film-forming flame-retardant additive for the NCM811 cathode of the high-voltage lithium-ion battery, and the synergistic effect with lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate enhanced the battery cycle and safety performance. The results show that: 3-TBL is oxidized preferentially more than carbonate solvent to form a stable and dense cathode-electrolyte interface film, which effectively prevents the continuous oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte and enhances the rate of cycling and overcharge resistance of the Li/NCM811 cells under high pressure. Furthermore, the 3-TBL modified electrolyte can also delay the thermal decomposition temperature of the commercial electrolyte and improve its flame retardant properties. Kinetic analysis showed that the additive increased the activation energy required for the thermal decomposition reaction of electrolyte and NCM811 cathode mixture. Therefore, the additives 3-TBL improve the intrinsic safety of the electrolyte and electrolyte interface, providing a feasible idea for the development of high energy density and high safety electrolytes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate a reactive combustion catalyst strategy based on the clever use of the novel structure of Ti3C2 MXene, including appropriate reactivity, high energy storage, and large specific surface area.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors employed the rigid tetrazole ligand to obtain two 3D energetic metal-organic frameworks (EMOFs) [Cd3(N3)2(tz)3(OH)n 2 (Htz = tetrazoles).
TL;DR: Fluorinated aromatic polyimide (FAPI) films with rigid polymer backbones have been prepared by chemical imidization approach as mentioned in this paper , which exhibited excellent mechanical properties including elastic modulus of up to 8.4 GPa and tensile strength of upto 326.7 MPa, and outstanding thermal stability.
Abstract: Fluorinated aromatic polyimide (FAPI) films with rigid polymer backbones have been prepared by chemical imidization approach. The polyimide films exhibited excellent mechanical properties including elastic modulus of up to 8.4 GPa and tensile strength of up to 326.7 MPa, and outstanding thermal stability including glass transition temperature (Tg) of 346.3–351.6 °C and thermal decomposition temperature in air (Td5) of 544.1–612.3 °C, as well as high colorless transmittance of >81.2% at 500 nm. Moreover, the polyimide films showed stable dielectric constant and low dielectric loss at 10–60 GHz, attributed to the close packing of rigid polymer backbones that limited the deflection of the dipole in the electric field. Molecular dynamics simulation was also established to describe the relationship of molecular structure and dielectric loss.
TL;DR: In this article , a novel heat-resistant compound, 5,5′-bis(4-nitro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)−2H,2′H-3,3,4-oxadiazoles (BPT-2), was developed through the introduction of an energetic bis-1,2,4triazoles bridge between two nitropyrazole moieties.
TL;DR: Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is considered as a potential substitute for ammonium perchlorate in energetic materials due to its high density, positive oxygen balance, and halogen-free characteristics as mentioned in this paper .
TL;DR: In this article , a reaction model of DMPAT was developed through multiple linear regression, and the time to conversion limit and self-accelerating decomposition temperature were determined.
Abstract: Accidents related to pesticides have occurred with increasing frequency in recent years. One such accident, involving O,O–dimethyl phosphoramidothioate (DMPAT), which is an essential pesticide intermediate in the manufacture of organophosphorus pesticides, occurred in Taichung, Taiwan, in 2016. The results of thermogravimetric analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry, and vent sizing package 2 experiments revealed that the atmosphere, heating rate, and stirring conditions of DMPAT affect its thermal stability. Multiple thermokinetic methods were adopted to determine the values of thermal safety parameters. Through multiple linear regression, a reaction model of DMPAT was developed. The time to conversion limit and self-accelerating decomposition temperature were determined. The results of this study provide a reference for ensureing the thermal safety of DMPAT processing, use, storage, and transport and preventing thermal decomposition accidents.
TL;DR: In this article, a reaction model of DMPAT was developed through multiple linear regression, and the time to conversion limit and self-accelerating decomposition temperature were determined.
Abstract: Accidents related to pesticides have occurred with increasing frequency in recent years. One such accident, involving O,O–dimethyl phosphoramidothioate (DMPAT), which is an essential pesticide intermediate in the manufacture of organophosphorus pesticides, occurred in Taichung, Taiwan, in 2016. The results of thermogravimetric analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry, and vent sizing package 2 experiments revealed that the atmosphere, heating rate, and stirring conditions of DMPAT affect its thermal stability. Multiple thermokinetic methods were adopted to determine the values of thermal safety parameters. Through multiple linear regression, a reaction model of DMPAT was developed. The time to conversion limit and self-accelerating decomposition temperature were determined. The results of this study provide a reference for ensureing the thermal safety of DMPAT processing, use, storage, and transport and preventing thermal decomposition accidents.
TL;DR: In this article , a novel structure of 4-amino-7,8-dinitropyrazolo-[5,1-d] [1,2,3,5]-tetrazine 2-oxide (BITE-101) is designed and synthesized in three steps.
Abstract: The design and synthesis of novel energetic compounds with integrated properties of high density, high energy, good thermal stability and sensitivities is particularly challenging due to the inherent contradiction between energy and safety for energetic compounds. In this study, a novel structure of 4-amino-7,8-dinitropyrazolo-[5,1-d] [1,2,3,5]-tetrazine 2-oxide (BITE-101) is designed and synthesized in three steps. With the help of the complementary advantages of different explosophoric groups and diverse weak interactions, BITE-101 is superior to the benchmark explosive HMX in all respects, including higher density of 1.957 g·cm-3, highest decomposition temperature of 295 °C (onset) among CHON-based high explosives to date and superior detonation velocity and pressure (D: 9314 m·s-1, P: 39.3 GPa), impact and friction sensitivities (IS: 18 J, FS: 128 N), thereby showing great potential for practical application as replacement for HMX, the most powerful military explosive in current use.
TL;DR: In this article , a P, N and Si tri-element flame retardant was prepared containing synthetic flame retardants bis-phosphonomethyl-aminomethlyl phosphonic acid (BPMAEPA) and 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (KH-570), which was applied to PET fabric by the pad-dry-cure (PDC) process.
Abstract: Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabric is ubiquitous in daily life; however the flammability of PET poses a risk for fire events. In this work, a P, N and Si tri-element flame retardant was prepared containing synthetic flame retardant bis-phosphonomethyl-aminomethyl phosphonic acid (BPMAEPA) and 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (KH-570). The flame retardant was applied to PET fabric by the pad-dry-cure (PDC) process. The results showed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the treated PET fabric could be increased to 33.5, and the melt-dripping was eliminated. The total heat release (THR) was significantly decreased during combustion because of the dual-phase flame retardant mechanism of the coatings. Moreover, the residue char was increased by 78%, and the CO 2 /CO ratio was decreased by 73% as determined by the cone calorimetry test. In addition, the amount of combustible products produced during the thermal decomposition process were effectively reduced. This work offers a novel methodology for the fabrication of flame retardant PET fabric with exceptional flame retardancy , thermal stability and anti-dripping performance. • An organic solvent-free fabrication of flame retardant PET fabric is proposed. • BPMAEPA with KH-570 preserves more molecular skeleton of PET fabric during combustion. • BPMAEPA with KH-570 increases the limit oxygen index of PET fabric from 21.0 to 33.5 • BPMAEPA with KH-570 reduces the comprehensive pyrolysis index from 25.6 to 10.6 • The flame retardant mechanism of phosphorus, nitrogen and silicon tri-elements is revealed.
TL;DR: In this paper , azidodeoxy esparto grass cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose functionalized with explosophoric azides were successfully synthesized from a prominent alternative esparton grass fibres.
Abstract: In the frame of developing new high-energy materials from bioresources, emergent cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose functionalized with explosophoric azides were successfully synthesized from a prominent alternative esparto grass fibres. The designed insensitive nitrogen-rich cellulosic biopolymers, namely, azidodeoxy esparto grass cellulose (AEGC) and azidodeoxy esparto grass microcrystalline cellulose (AEGMCC), displayed outstanding features, such as nitrogen content (w/w) of 18.24–18.68 %, the density of 1.601–1.626 g/cm3, and thermal decomposition of 203–218 °C. Their kinetic triplet was also determined under non-isothermal DSC conditions employing isonversional integral approaches. Interestingly, the apparent activation energy and the decimal logarithm of a pre-exponential factor of the developed AEGC and AEGMCC were found to be better than those of the common nitrocellulose. In addition, the reaction model examination based on Trache-Abdelaziz-Siwani (TAS) approach revealed that the produced AEGC and AEGMCC were accurately presented by an autocatalytic Avrami-Erofeev decomposition process. These results established that esparto grass fibres could be considered as a valuable alternative feedstock for the synthesis of outstanding energetic cellulose-rich polymers for potential applications in solid propellant formulations.
TL;DR: In this paper, a phosphorus/nitrogen-containing single-component epoxy (EP/DOPO/BDM/BICP) system was synthesized via incorporating N,N′-bismaleimide-4,4′-diphenylmethane (BDM), benzimidazolyl-substituted cyclotriphosphazene (bICP), and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10oxide (DopO
Abstract: With the increasing demand of industry, the fabrication of single-component epoxy (EP) systems with satisfactory flame retardancy and thermal stability is of great significance. Herein, a novel phosphorus/nitrogen-containing single-component EP (EP/DOPO/BDM/BICP) system was synthesized via incorporating N,N′-bismaleimide-4,4′-diphenylmethane (BDM), benzimidazolyl-substituted cyclotriphosphazene (BICP) and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) into EP. In our previous work, we found that DOPO could promote the decomposition of BICP to produce dissociative benzimidazoles under heating, which endowed the as-fabricated epoxy thermoset with rapid curing speed. However, the addition of DOPO reduced the glass transition temperature (Tg) of epoxy thermosets. To deal with this problem, bismaleimide with superior heat resistance was added. The results indicated that the addition of BDM improved the thermal stability, flame retardancy and smoke suppression of EP/DOPO/BDM/BICP. The obtained thermoset exhibited UL94 V-0 rating, limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 40.5% and low total smoke production (TSP) of 10.4 m2 due to the synergetic flame-retardant effect of phosphaphenanthrene, polybismaleimide and cyclotriphosphazene. This research offers a viable approach to develop single-component EPs with improved flame retardancy, thermal stability and rapid-curing ability.
TL;DR: In this article , a phosphorus/nitrogen-containing single-component epoxy (EP/DOPO/BDM/BICP) system was synthesized via incorporating N,N′-bismaleimide-4,4′-diphenylmethane (BDM), benzimidazolyl-substituted cyclotriphosphazene (BicP) and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-oxide (DOPOR) into EP.
Abstract: With the increasing demand of industry, the fabrication of single-component epoxy (EP) systems with satisfactory flame retardancy and thermal stability is of great significance. Herein, a novel phosphorus/nitrogen-containing single-component EP (EP/DOPO/BDM/BICP) system was synthesized via incorporating N,N′-bismaleimide-4,4′-diphenylmethane (BDM), benzimidazolyl-substituted cyclotriphosphazene (BICP) and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) into EP. In our previous work, we found that DOPO could promote the decomposition of BICP to produce dissociative benzimidazoles under heating, which endowed the as-fabricated epoxy thermoset with rapid curing speed. However, the addition of DOPO reduced the glass transition temperature (Tg) of epoxy thermosets. To deal with this problem, bismaleimide with superior heat resistance was added. The results indicated that the addition of BDM improved the thermal stability, flame retardancy and smoke suppression of EP/DOPO/BDM/BICP. The obtained thermoset exhibited UL94 V-0 rating, limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 40.5% and low total smoke production (TSP) of 10.4 m2 due to the synergetic flame-retardant effect of phosphaphenanthrene, polybismaleimide and cyclotriphosphazene. This research offers a viable approach to develop single-component EPs with improved flame retardancy, thermal stability and rapid-curing ability.