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Showing papers on "Thermography published in 1972"


Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 1972-Cancer
TL;DR: A thermographic study of 105 women with abnormal breast characteristics was undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of L.C. C. thermography in breast cancer detection, and as expected, women with malignant lesions had a higher percentage of the vascular thermal pattern types.
Abstract: Thermography is a technique to map a surface temperature pattern. Liquid crystals are a class of compounds which exhibit color-temperature sensitivity when in a cholestatic phase which exists within a specific temperature range. It is a state of matter intermediate between a solid and a liquid. Liquid crystal (LC) thermography can produce a color thermogram over a skin area with a temperature sensitivity of .1 degree C. The skin temperature over mammary carcinomas is increased compared with contralateral area of the other breast. Infrared thermography has confirmed this. The LC method is less expensive than infrared and better for mass screening. In an LC study of 105 women with abnormal breast characteristics and 197 apparently healthy women detection of palpable malignancies had a true-positive rate of 82.5% a false-positive rate of 13.6% and only 1 of 17 histologically proven malignancies gave no thermographic signs. The measurement technique is described in detail. A malignant tumor shows an abnormally warm venous drainage thermal pattern. Various drainage heat intensities were related to the speed with which skin thermogram temperatures increased over the veins. In 17 patients with later histologically proven carcinoma intense unilateral venous drainage patterns radiating from a focal area were observed. Also large vascular temperature gradients were noted locally on the breast. An increased unilateral venous drainage thermal pattern to the axilla indicated a malignancy in the upper outer quadrant of the breast. Exact location of a cancer was not usually possible. Of the false positive interpretations 4 had suspicious thermograms and 8 were equivocal. LC thermography was found more reliable than either mammography or physical examination. However combined methods would improve results. Normal therograms have been classified in 197 cases. Women under age 30 and those with previous pregnancies had more intense vascular patterns. Women on oral contraceptives had more frequent intense vascular patterns than the average of all groups. Women who had lactated for more than 10 months also showed increased intense vascular patterns. An increase in vascularity was noted with increased breast size but decreased in pendulous breasts. It was shown that LC thermography can detect breast cancer in the preclinical or occult stages. Simplicity rapid application and low cost make it suitable for mass-screening programs.

26 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Measurement of body temperature in normal subjects by high resolution medical thermography is reported, and investigations under way for determining pressure‐sore susceptibility of patients are discussed.
Abstract: A method for examining the relationship between pressure and temperature for the purpose of preventing and treating decubitus ulcers is described in this preliminary report. Measurement of body temperature in normal subjects by high resolution medical thermography is reported, and investigations under way for determining pressure‐sore susceptibility of patients are discussed.

17 citations


Patent
25 Sep 1972
TL;DR: In this paper, a coalescer element is slowly rotated and scanned by means of an infrared device for sensing temperature on the outer surface of the fuel filter, indicating a flaw in the coalescer elements.
Abstract: A coalescer element that functions as a filter for aircraft fuels is connected by means of a bearing surface to a heated air supply. The coalescer element is slowly rotated and scanned by means of an infrared device for sensing temperature on the outer surface of the fuel filter. The infrared scanner supplies signals to a color or black and white video screen which displays thermograms of the surface of the fuel filters. Non-uniform high temperatures on the surface of the filter, indicative that the filter is faulty, on being scanned by the scanner are displayed as a light color or light shade on the thermogram indicating a flaw in the coalescer element.

9 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A mathematical model for predicting skin temperatures during thermography is related to temperatures observed during actual thermographic studies and the role of the veins in the thermoregulation of temperature elevation in simulated lesions is demonstrated.
Abstract: A mathematical model for predicting skin temperatures during thermography is related to temperatures observed during actual thermographic studies. Both normal and abnormal patterns were studied; the abnormal patterns resulted from the application of an external heat source which simulated an internal lesion. Variations of thermal response were noted, and the increased heat loss from the local area was compared to the metered heat input from the probe. The results given by the model were in agreement with observed temperatures. The role of the veins in the thermoregulation of temperature elevations in simulated lesions is demonstrated.

8 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The rise of apparent temperature in the thermograph as the detector is scanned across a temperature discontinuity is shown to be approximately exponential and to depend on the time constant of the circuit, the rate of scanning and the field size.
Abstract: The rise of apparent temperature in the thermograph as the detector is scanned across a temperature discontinuity is shown to be approximately exponential and to depend on the time constant of the circuit, the rate of scanning and the field size. The implication for clinical thermography is that the rise in temperature over a narrow region will be underestimated and such a region may not then be 'resolved' from the surrounding body surface. The effective response is estimated from measurements of the apparent temperature of the sources at the same black body temperature but of different width, and curves indicating the limits of resolution are derived. The relevance of the number of lines scanned in a frame and the definition of the image are also considered.

8 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1972-Hand
TL;DR: Investigations have shown that thermographic examination is a useful complementary help to the general methods of examination—but does not replace them and the application of infra-red thermography is of practical value especially in rheumatoid arthritis.
Abstract: A short description has been given of the use of infra-red thermography with regard to the hands. Investigations on this subject have shown that thermographic examination is a useful complementary help to the general methods of examination—but does not replace them. The application of infra-red thermography is of practical value especially in rheumatoid arthritis. In the diagnosis of inflammatory processes and in recording the behaviour following treatment thermography is of value, furthermore post-operative examinations register the results of surgery and may indicate recurrence.

5 citations


01 Jan 1972

5 citations