Topic
Thiocyanate
About: Thiocyanate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7304 publications have been published within this topic receiving 117616 citations. The topic is also known as: thiocyanates & rhodanide.
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TL;DR: The weak hydration of these Denaturant ions strongly supports suggestions that a major contribution to the denaturant effect is the preferential interaction of the denatureant with the protein surface.
Abstract: Neutron diffraction experiments were carried out on aqueous solutions containing either guanidinium or thiocyanate ions. The first-order difference method of neutron diffraction and isotopic substitution was applied, and the hydration structures of two of nature's strongest denaturant ions were determined. Each ion is shown to interact weakly with water: Guanidinium has no recognizable hydration shell and is one of the most weakly hydrated cations yet characterized. Hydration of thiocyanate is characterized by a low coordination number involving around one hydrogen-bonded water molecule and approximately two water molecules weakly interacting through "hydration bonds." The weak hydration of these denaturant ions strongly supports suggestions that a major contribution to the denaturant effect is the preferential interaction of the denaturant with the protein surface. By contrast, solute species such as many sugars and related polyols that stabilize proteins are strongly hydrated and are thus preferentially retained in the bulk solvent and excluded from the protein surface.
336 citations
TL;DR: The short, thiocyanate ligand gives rise to significantly enhanced electronic coupling between NCs as evidenced by large bathochromic shifts in the absorption spectra of CdSe and CdTe NC thin films and by conductivities as high as (2 ± 0.7) × 10(3) Ω(-1) cm(-1), allowing the first Hall measurements of nonsintered NC solids.
Abstract: Ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) is introduced to exchange the long, insulating ligands used in colloidal nanocrystal (NC) synthesis. The short, air-stable, environmentally benign thiocyanate ligand electrostatically stabilizes a variety of semiconductor and metallic NCs in polar solvents, allowing solution-based deposition of NCs into thin-film NC solids. NH4SCN is also effective in replacing ligands on NCs after their assembly into the solid state. The spectroscopic properties of this ligand provide unprecedented insight into the chemical and electronic nature of the surface of the NCs. Spectra indicate that the thiocyanate binds to metal sites on the NC surface and is sensitive to atom type and NC surface charge. The short, thiocyanate ligand gives rise to significantly enhanced electronic coupling between NCs as evidenced by large bathochromic shifts in the absorption spectra of CdSe and CdTe NC thin films and by conductivities as high as (2 ± 0.7) × 103 Ω–1 cm–1 for Au NC thin films deposited from solut...
332 citations
TL;DR: Lysozyme thiocyanate and nitrate crystals belong to the monoclinic system, whereas all the others have a tetragonal lattice, and SCN- precipitates and crystallizes lysozyme at low concentration, whereas sulfate is ineffective even at high concentrations.
328 citations
TL;DR: Results are consistent with a common mode of action by these anions of simple competitive interaction, in which a concentration of any one of ClO(4) (-) SCN(-), and NO(3) (-), occurring either individually or as part of a mixture of the three anions, is indistinguishable from a concentration or dilution of either of the remaining two ions in inhibiting iodine uptake at the NIS.
Abstract: The presence of perchlorate (ClO(4) (-)) in some U.S. drinking water supplies has raised concern about potential adverse thyroidal health effects, because ClO(4) (-) is known to competitively inhibit iodide uptake at the sodium iodide symporter (NIS). Humans are nutritionally and environmentally exposed to other competitive inhibitors of iodide uptake, including thiocyanate (SCN(-)) and nitrate (NO(3) (-)). The joint inhibiting effects of these three anions was studied by exposing Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing human NIS to varying concentrations of each anion separately, and in combination, and conducting measurements of (125)I(-) uptake. The entire data set was fit to a single Hill equation using maximum likelihood. The relative potency of ClO(4) (-) to inhibit (125)I(-) uptake at the NIS was found to be 15, 30 and 240 times that of SCN(-), I(-), and NO(3) (-) respectively on a molar concentration basis, with no evidence of synergism. These results are consistent with a common mode of action by these anions of simple competitive interaction, in which a concentration of any one of ClO(4) (-) SCN(-), and NO(3) (-), occurring either individually or as part of a mixture of the three anions, is indistinguishable from a concentration or dilution of either one of the remaining two ions in inhibiting iodine uptake at the NIS.
309 citations
TL;DR: Cyanide-inactivated enzyme can be largely reactivated by incubation with Na2S and experiments reveal that the reactivation is accompanied by the reincorporation of sulfur into the protein.
307 citations