Showing papers on "Three-phase published in 2012"
TL;DR: This paper presents a robust model predictive current controller with a disturbance observer (DO-MPC) for three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier with robust control performance with respect to the disturbance due to use of the combined observation algorithm.
Abstract: This paper presents a robust model predictive current controller with a disturbance observer (DO-MPC) for three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier. The new algorithm is operated with constant switching frequency (CF-MPC). In order to minimize instantaneous d- and q-axes current errors in every sampling period, CF-MPC is implemented by selecting appropriate voltage vector sequence and calculating duty cycles. The fundamental of this algorithm is discussed and the instantaneous variation rates of d- and q-axes currents are deduced when each converter voltage vector is applied in six different sectors. A Luenberger observer is constructed for parameter mismatch and model uncertainty which affect the performance of the MPC. The gains of the disturbance observer are determined by root-locus analysis. Moreover, the stability of the disturbance observer is analyzed when there are errors in the inductor filter parameter. The proposed method has an inherent rapid dynamic response as a result of the MPC controller, as well as robust control performance with respect to the disturbance due to use of the combined observation algorithm. Simulation and experimental results on a 1.1 kW VSR are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
240 citations
TL;DR: An energy-based Lyapunov function control technique is developed for a three-phase shunt hybrid active filter (SH-AF) to compensate harmonics generated by nonlinear loads and is applied for balanced operation.
Abstract: In this paper, an energy-based Lyapunov function control technique is developed for a three-phase shunt hybrid active filter (SH-AF) to compensate harmonics generated by nonlinear loads and is applied for balanced operation. The method provides compensation for harmonic load current components. The strategy determines the control law that makes the derivative of the Lyapunov function always negative for all values of the states. The dc bus voltage of the SH-AF is maintained to 50 V, which is significantly lower than that of the conventional hybrid active filter. The rating of the active filter in the SH-AF system is much smaller than the one used in the conventional shunt active power filter because the passive filter takes care of the major burden of compensation. The SH-AF performances, during both nominal and severe operating conditions, are then evaluated using a dSPACE DS1104 controller board, supported by a Matlab/Simulink Real-Time Workshop environment. A significantly high correlation between the experimental results and the theoretical model, implemented with Simulink/Matlab, is obtained.
223 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a controller for a PV three-phase inverter that ensures minimum peak values in the grid-injected currents, as compared with conventional controllers, from the system analysis, a design method is presented in order to set the parameters of the control scheme.
Abstract: Nowadays, the majority of the photovoltaic (PV) power sources are connected to the public grid. One of the main connection problems occurs when voltage sags appear in the grid due to short circuits, lightning, etc. International standards regulate the grid connection of PV systems, forcing the source to remain connected during short-time grid-voltage faults. As a consequence, during the voltage sag, the source should operate with increasing converter currents to maintain the injection of the generated power. This abnormal operation may result in nondesired system disconnections due to overcurrents. This paper proposes a controller for a PV three-phase inverter that ensures minimum peak values in the grid-injected currents, as compared with conventional controllers. From the system analysis, a design method is presented in order to set the parameters of the control scheme. Selected experimental results are reported in order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control.
218 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an efficiency-optimized, 98.8% efficient, 5-kW three-phase buck-type PFC rectifier with 400-V output is presented.
Abstract: In telecom applications, the vision for a total power conversion efficiency from the mains to the output of point-of-load (PoL) converters of 95% demands optimization of every conversion step, i.e., the power factor correction (PFC) rectifier front-end should show an outstanding efficiency in the range of 99%. For recently discussed 400-V dc distribution bus voltages, a buck-type PFC rectifier is a logical solution. In this paper, an efficiency-optimized, 98.8% efficient, 5-kW three-phase buck-type PFC rectifier with 400-V output is presented. Methods for calculating losses of all components are described and are used to optimize the converter design for efficiency at full load. Special attention is paid to semiconductor losses, which are shown to be dominant, with the parasitic device capacitance losses being a significant component. The calculation of these parasitic capacitance losses is treated in detail, and the charge-balance approach used is verified. A prototype of the proposed rectifier is constructed which verifies the accuracy of the models used for loss calculation and optimization.
177 citations
TL;DR: Compared to previous single current sensor strategies, in the proposed method, the sensor output is regularly sampled, and the dead zone is located near the boundary of the voltage vector space instead of near the origin and the borders of each sector.
Abstract: This paper proposes a three-phase current reconstruction technique with an online current offset compensation function for three-phase inverter applications utilizing only a single current sensor. In the proposed current sensing method, a phase current and a branch current are simultaneously measured twice in a switching period by using a single current sensor. After that, the current reconstruction algorithm is applied to obtain the three-phase current information. Compared to previous single current sensor strategies, in the proposed method, the sensor output is regularly sampled, and the dead zone is located near the boundary of the voltage vector space instead of near the origin and the borders of each sector. This boundary-neighbored dead zone makes the proposed method more attractive in extremely low modulation index cases because it avoids periodical dead zones which have been an issue in the existing methods. Moreover, the online compensation method for a current measurement offset makes it possible to achieve purely balanced three-phase current control without an offset component. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified through simulations and experiments by measuring and reconstructing three-phase currents under various conditions.
138 citations
TL;DR: To control the grid current and dc-link voltage, the zero dynamic design approach of feedback linearization is used, which linearizes the system partially and enables controller design for reduced-order PV system.
Abstract: This paper presents a new approach to control the grid current and dc-link voltage for maximum power point tracking and improvement of the dynamic response of a three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. To control the grid current and dc-link voltage, the zero dynamic design approach of feedback linearization is used, which linearizes the system partially and enables controller design for reduced-order PV system. This paper also describes the zero dynamic stability of the three-phase grid-connected PV system, which is a key requirement for the implementation of such controllers. Simulation results on a large-scale grid-connected PV system show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in terms of delivering maximum power into the grid.
126 citations
TL;DR: A novel three-phase hybrid multilevel converter is proposed for medium-voltage applications that allows unidirectional power flow in all dc sources and, consequently, enables diode bridges to be employed in the rectification input stage for unid Directional applications.
Abstract: A novel three-phase hybrid multilevel converter is proposed for medium-voltage applications. The converter employs a conventional three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) linking series connected half-bridge modules at each phase. With the proposed connection, a large portion of energy can be processed by the VSI by employing a single multi-pulse rectifier, while smaller power shares are processed within the half-bridge modules. Thus, the requirements for galvanically insulated dc sources are reduced. Modularity is naturally achieved. A modulation scheme for a four-level version is proposed and analyzed in detail. This scheme allows unidirectional power flow in all dc sources and, consequently, enables diode bridges to be employed in the rectification input stage for unidirectional applications.
124 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an adaptive control strategy was proposed to improve the behavior of both, the conventional SRF-PLL and the conventional PR controller, when they are used in a polluted grid with a time varying frequency.
Abstract: The proportional + resonant (PR) controller has been proposed in the past as a suitable method to control the current generated by the grid-connected photovoltaic voltage source inverters. Due to the fact that information regarding the frequency of the grid is needed to use this control technique, the synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL) is commonly used. To assure that the total harmonic distortion of the injected current (THDi) meets the appropriate standards, even if the grid voltage is polluted and its frequency varies, an adaptive control strategy is presented in this paper. This control strategy can improve the behavior of both, the conventional SRF-PLL and the conventional PR controller, when they are used in a polluted grid with a time varying frequency. The experimental results obtained by means of a digitally controlled 10-kVA inverter, show up that the THDi of the injected current is improved when the proposed adaptive control strategy replaces the conventional one.
113 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an indirect current control algorithm for seamless transfer of three-phase utility-interactive voltage source inverters is proposed, which provides critical loads with a stable and seamless voltage during the whole transition period including both clearing time and control mode change.
Abstract: This paper proposes an indirect current control algorithm for seamless transfer of three-phase utility-interactive voltage source inverters. With the proposed method the inverter is able to provide critical loads with a stable and seamless voltage during the whole transition period including both clearing time and control mode change. The LCL filter design which is suitable for the indirect current control is also proposed to meet the harmonic limits. The proposed control method is validated through simulation and experiment.
113 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a control method to minimize the total flux in the integrated interphase inductors of paralleled, interleaved three-phase two-level voltage-source converters using discontinuous space vector modulation (DPWM) is presented.
Abstract: This paper presents a control method to minimize the total flux in the integrated interphase inductors of paralleled, interleaved three-phase two-level voltage-source converters (VSCs) using discontinuous space vector modulation (DPWM). Specifically, different inductor structures used to limit circulating currents are introduced and compared, and the structure and flux distribution of two types of integrated interphase inductors are analyzed in detail. Based on that, a control method to minimize the total flux in such integrated interphase inductor is proposed for a parallel converter system using interleaved DPWM. The method eliminates the circulating currents during the peak range of the converter output currents; hence the total flux is minimized and only determined by the system load requirements. This control method introduces very limited additional switching actions, which do not significantly affect the converter electrothermal design. Experimental results verify the analysis and the feasibility of the proposed control method.
102 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive review of neutral current compensation methods, their topologies, and their technical and economical limitations is presented, and simulations are also carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment for comparing the existing methods.
09 Mar 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, a buck-type unity power factor rectifier is proposed for high-power electric vehicle battery charging mains interfaces, which is based on the Swiss Rectifier.
Abstract: This paper introduces a novel three-phase buck-type unity power factor rectifier appropriate for high power Electric Vehicle battery charging mains interfaces. The characteristics of the converter, named the Swiss Rectifier, including the principle of operation, modulation strategy, suitable control structure, and dimensioning equations are described in detail. Additionally, the proposed rectifier is compared to a conventional 6-switch buck-type ac-dc power conversion. According to the results, the Swiss Rectifier is the topology of choice for a buck-type PFC. Finally, the feasibility of the Swiss Rectifier concept for buck-type rectifier applications is demonstrated by means of a hardware prototype.
12 Nov 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the Generalized Nyquist stability criterion (GNC) was used to verify the stability of balanced three-phase ac systems with a voltage source inverter feeding a boost rectifier.
Abstract: Stability is a great concern for power systems with relatively small sources and multiple regulated power converters. Addressing this need, this paper presents the experimental verification of the Generalized Nyquist stability Criterion (GNC) for balanced three-phase ac systems. This criterion, developed by MacFarlane and Postlethwaite in the 1970's, was proposed as a stability analysis tool for ac interfaces in the d-q frame in the late 1990's. Since then, however, very few papers have addressed the verification of this theory in a real power system given the intricacies of three-phase impedance measurement in the d-q frame. In this paper, a voltage source inverter feeding a boost rectifier is used to implement an experimental balanced three-phase system, where by adjusting their respective control bandwidths, stable and unstable cases are found at their ac interface. To this end, the d-q frame impedances of both converters are measured, and the GNC is applied, showing how both stable and unstable cases can be effectively predicted.
TL;DR: In this paper, a high-frequency-link dynamic voltage restorer (HFL-DVR) is proposed based on transformer-isolated topologies, which facilitates independent operation conditions for each phase in a three-phase system.
Abstract: Conventional dynamic voltage restorers (DVRs) are connected to the power grid through power-frequency transformers. These bulky and costly transformers cause voltage drop and power losses. In this paper, a high-frequency-link dynamic voltage restorer (HFL-DVR) is proposed based on transformer-isolated topologies. This topology facilitates independent operation conditions for each phase in a three-phase system. It enjoys relatively low cost, low losses, and small size. Also, it is free from transformer inrush currents. Small-signal ac equivalent circuit for the power stage including HFL-DVR is derived based on an averaged modeling approach. Transfer functions are obtained to study the effect of inputs such as dc-link voltage, grid voltage, and the load current on the output of HFL-DVR. In order to obtain acceptable properties such as transient overshoot, setting time, and steady-state error, a PID controller is added to the system. This shows that the effect of disturbances on the output of HFL-DVR can be reduced. The experimental results are obtained from a 220V/50Hz HFL-DVR setup. The simulation and experimental results have been compared to verify theoretical aspect of the proposed DVR for both symmetrical and asymmetrical voltage sag conditions.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a novel matrix converter with one ac input and two ac outputs, which can produce two sets of three-phase ac outputs whose amplitudes, frequencies, and phases can appropriately be regulated.
Abstract: This paper presents a novel matrix converter with one ac input and two ac outputs. The presented topology is based on the traditional indirect matrix converter, but with its rear-end six-switch inverter replaced by a compact nine-switch inverter. With only three extra switches added, the proposed converter can produce two sets of three-phase ac outputs, whose amplitudes, frequencies, and phases can appropriately be regulated. Features such as sinusoidal input and outputs, unity input power factor and minimum commutation count are all retained by the proposed topology, despite having an additional output. Its modulation is realized by the computationally less intensive carrier-based method, whose unique carrier requirements can easily be managed within a programmable logic device. Mathematical proof for validating sinusoidal input and outputs achieved by this modulation technique is also discussed, before being verified in simulation and experimentally, together with other findings.
TL;DR: In this paper, a method to diagnose rotor faults in three-phase induction motors under the presence of time-varying loads is presented. But the proposed diagnostic strategy relies on a combined analysis of the amplitude and phase spectra of the instantaneous active and reactive powers of the motor, and allows to discriminate the effects introduced by a rotor fault from the ones caused by an oscillating load torque, even when these phenomena occur simultaneously.
Abstract: This paper presents a new method to diagnose rotor faults in operating three-phase induction motors under the presence of time-varying loads. The proposed diagnostic strategy relies on a combined analysis of the amplitude and phase spectra of the instantaneous active and reactive powers of the motor, and allows to discriminate the effects introduced by a rotor fault from the ones caused by an oscillating load torque, even when these phenomena occur simultaneously. A theoretical analysis carried out using a linearized model of the induction motor in a synchronous reference frame, complemented with several simulation and experimental results, confirms the validity of the proposed diagnostic approach.
TL;DR: A large-signal black-box modeling technique of three-phase voltage source inverters, which is oriented to perform system-level analysis and is fully parameterized from the transient response of the converter, thus keeping the confidentiality of the manufacturer.
Abstract: Modeling and simulation are powerful tools to design power distribution systems made up of multiple converters and loads, such as the system of the more-electric aircraft (MEA). However, a system designer usually has no access to detailed data of the power converters, due to confidentiality of manufacturers. Therefore, a black-box modeling approach is necessary. This paper proposes a large-signal black-box modeling technique of three-phase voltage source inverters. The resulting model is oriented to perform system-level analysis and is fully parameterized from the transient response of the converter, which is obtained through simple experimental tests based on low-cost equipment. Moreover, it does not represent the internal data of the converter, thus keeping the confidentiality of the manufacturer. The proposed method has been experimentally validated on a 5-kW actual inverter, which has been applied on the test bench of an MEA power distribution system.
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: This paper presents a novel matrix converter with one ac input and two ac outputs, based on the traditional indirect matrix converter, but with its rear-end six-switch inverter replaced by a compact nine- switch inverter.
Abstract: This paper presents a novel matrix converter with one ac input and two ac outputs. The presented topology is based on the traditional indirect matrix converter, but with its rear-end six-switch inverter replaced by a compact nine-switch inverter. With only three extra switches added, the proposed converter can produce two sets of three-phase ac outputs, whose amplitudes, frequencies, and phases can appropriately be regulated. Features such as sinusoidal input and outputs, unity input power factor and minimum commutation count are all retained by the proposed topology, despite having an additional output. Its modulation is re- alized by the computationally less intensive carrier-based method, whose unique carrier requirements can easily be managed within a programmable logic device. Mathematical proof for validating sinusoidal input and outputs achieved by this modulation tech- nique is also discussed, before being verified in simulation and experimentally, together with other findings. Index Terms—Carrier-based modulation, dual outputs, FPGA, indirect matrix converter (IMC), nine-switch converter.
09 Mar 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a three-phase high power factor mains interfaces appropriate for electric vehicle (EV) battery charging systems are discussed, including the principle of operation, modulation strategy, suitable control structures, and dimensioning equations.
Abstract: This paper discusses novel three-phase high power factor mains interfaces appropriate for Electric Vehicle (EV) battery charging systems. Initially, a highly efficient two-stage ac-dc system, consisting of a three-phase line-commuted rectifier combined with a three-phase shunt connected Active Power Filter (APF) and a group of interleaved dc-dc buck converters operating in Triangular Current Mode (TCM), is presented. In order to replace the costly APF circuit of the front-end converter, while maintaining PFC capability at the input and allowing similar operating conditions for the back-end dc-dc converter, a rectifier topology employing an active third harmonic current injection circuit is proposed. In addition, a novel three-phase buck-type PFC rectifier is introduced for EV charging systems. The characteristics of the presented EV systems, including the principle of operation, modulation strategy, suitable control structures, and dimensioning equations, are described in detail. Finally, a comprehensive comparison of the studied converters rated to 12kW is shown.
TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of three different control strategies to generate reference current components for Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) is presented, where reference currents are tracked by a three-phase voltage source converter in a hysteresis band control scheme.
TL;DR: In this article, a three phase four wire Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) based on supercapacitor as energy storage for power quality improvement in electrical distribution system is presented.
TL;DR: It is shown that the three-phase -switch rectifier (comprising three -connected bidirectional switches) is well suited for this application and a novel PWM current controller modulation concept is presented, where all three phases are controlled simultaneously.
Abstract: In the course of the More Electric Aircraft program frequently active three-phase rectifiers in the power range of several kilowatts are required. It is shown that the three-phase -switch rectifier (comprising three -connected bidirectional switches) is well suited for this application. The system is analyzed using space vector calculus and a novel PWM current controller modulation concept is presented, where all three phases are controlled simultaneously; the analysis shows that the proposed concept yields optimal switching sequences. Analytical relationships for calculating the power components average and rms current ratings are derived to facilitate the rectifier design. A laboratory prototype with an output power of 5 kW is built and measurements taken from this prototype confirm the operation of the proposed current controller. Finally, initial EMI-measurements of the system are also presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, a shunt active power filter (APF) is proposed for the compensation of harmonic currents and reactive power in polluted environment and under unbalanced mains voltage.
TL;DR: In this article, a simulation and experimental study of a sliding-mode controller of the DC bus voltage of a three-phase shunt active power filter is presented to improve tracking performance characteristics, power quality, and minimized consumption of reactive power.
Abstract: This article presents a simulation and experimental study of a sliding-mode controller of the DC bus voltage of a three-phase shunt active power filter. The sliding-mode controller is introduced to improve tracking performance characteristics, power quality, and minimized consumption of the reactive power. The algorithm used to identify the reference currents is based on the self-tuning filter. The firing pulses of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor inverter are generated using a hysteresis current controller, which is implemented on an analog card. Finally, this study, under steady-state and transient conditions, is illustrated with signal-flow graphs and corresponding analysis. This study was verified by both time-domain computer simulations and experimental tests on a hardware prototype based on dSPACE-1104 (dSPACE, Germany). The experimental results show the feasibility and the effectiveness of the designed active filter associated with a sliding-mode controller and its capability in meeti...
18 Jul 2012
TL;DR: Two novel control strategies are proposed to operate a rectifier to mimic a synchronous motor to directly control the power extracted from the source and the other is to control the output voltage.
Abstract: Current control and direct power control (DPC) are popular control strategies for PWM rectifiers. In this paper, two novel control strategies are proposed to operate a rectifier to mimic a synchronous motor. One is to directly control the power extracted from the source and the other is to control the output voltage. The reactive power can be easily controlled to obtain the unity power factor. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed scheme.
26 Mar 2012
TL;DR: This review-paper focuses on different technologies for connecting photovoltaic modules to a three-phase-grid and a comparison with single-phase inverters is given.
Abstract: The inverter is an essential element in a photovoltaic system. It exists as different topologies. This review-paper focuses on different technologies for connecting photovoltaic (PV) modules to a three-phase- grid. The inverters are categorized into some classifications: the number of power processing stages; the use of decoupling capacitors and their locations; the use or no of the transformers; the type of three phase inverter; whether they are preceded by a DC/DC converter or not. Some of three-phase topologies are presented, compared according to the type of control (i.e. the PWM method; the bang-bang method or the fuzzy logic method or numerical control); and a comparison with single-phase inverters is given.
TL;DR: A modified topology of the three-level dc-to-dc PSPWM converter based on a three-phase four-wire configuration is proposed, which leads to considerable reduction in circulating current flow during a freewheeling period and results in appreciable mitigation in conduction losses.
Abstract: A three-phase three-level dc-to-dc phase-shifted pulsewidth-modulation (PSPWM) converter which is reported in the literature for high-power and high-input-voltage applications is based on a three-phase three-wire configuration. However, the controllable duty cycle range of the aforementioned converter is 0-2π/3. Therefore, to obtain the rated voltage, the converter needs to be overrated by 33%. In order to overcome this problem, a modified topology of the three-level dc-to-dc PSPWM converter based on a three-phase four-wire configuration is proposed. The soft switching of devices is achieved by using a tapped filter inductor. The output voltage is controlled by incorporating PSPWM. The clocked gate signals of each leg are phase shifted by 2π/3 from each other. Major features of the converter include the following: 1) The outer two switches of each leg are operating as zero-voltage switch; 2) the inner two switches of each leg are operating as zero-current switch; and 3) this is achieved without involving any extra passive or active components. Realization of the secondary output filter by having a tapped inductor leads to considerable reduction in circulating current flow during a freewheeling period and results in appreciable mitigation in conduction losses. In order to obtain the behavioral and performance characteristics of the converter topology, analytical and simulation studies are carried out, and the viability of the scheme is ascertained through detailed experimental studies.
TL;DR: In this article, a minimum inverter capacity design for three-phase four-wire centre-split inductor-capacitor (LC) coupling hybrid active power filters (HAPFs) is presented.
Abstract: This study presents a minimum inverter capacity design for three-phase four-wire centre-split inductor-capacitor (LC) coupling hybrid active power filters (LC-HAPFs). Based on its equivalent circuit models in d
-
q
-0 coordinate, the coupling part filtering characteristics of the LC-HAPF without or with neutral inductor can be more clearly illustrated and easily understood, compared with the past analysis based on the generic filter structure. According to the current quality data, the minimum dc-link voltage expressions for the LC-HAPF without and with neutral inductor are deduced and compared. Conventionally, the coupling LC is usually tuned at a higher fifth- or seventh-order harmonic frequency to reduce its cost and size compared with third-order case. When triplen harmonic currents exist significantly, the LC-HAPF with a small tuned neutral inductor can further reduce its minimum dc-link voltage requirement. Thus, the initial cost, switching loss and switching noise of the LC-HAPF can be lowered. Representative simulation and experimental results of the three-phase four-wire LC-HAPF with neutral inductor are presented to verify the filtering characteristics analysis and minimum dc-link voltage expressions, to show the effectiveness of reducing its inverter capacity, switching loss and switching noise in current quality compensation compared with the conventional LC-HAPF.
TL;DR: The aim of this paper is to investigate the torque components and the sensorless position detection capability of an IPM dual three-phase machine equipped with two fractional-slot windings, yielding an increase of the fault-tolerant capability of the machine.
Abstract: The interest for fractional-slot permanent-magnet (PM) synchronous machines has been more and more increasing in recent years. Particularly attractive is the interior PM (IPM) machine, since it is characterized by two torque components: the PM torque and the reluctance torque. Owing to this feature, the IPM machine is able to operate under flux-weakening conditions, as required by many applications, such as automotive, machine tools, washing machines, and so on. Another feature is that the rotor position can be detected without sensor even at zero speed, by means of techniques based on high-frequency signal injection. The aim of this paper is to investigate the torque components and the sensorless position detection capability of an IPM dual three-phase machine equipped with two fractional-slot windings. These two windings are designed to be supplied by two separate converters, yielding an increase of the fault-tolerant capability of the machine. The analysis and the tests deal with the capability of the machine when it operates under healthy as well as faulty conditions, i.e., when the supply of one three-phase winding set is switched off and only one winding continues to be supplied.
01 Nov 2012
TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of a single-phase and a three-phase dual active bridge for electric vehicle application is presented, where converters are used to connect the traction battery stack with the 12V on-board power supply.
Abstract: In this paper, a comparison of a single-phase and a three-phase dual active bridge for electric vehicle application is presented. The converters are used to connect the traction battery stack with the 12V on-board power supply. The characteristic challenges are illustrated on the basis of an application with 2kW rated power. In total, three different design approaches are described and assessed using analytical considerations and simulation results. Finally, the conclusions are verified with measurements of two prototypes.