Showing papers on "Tilt (optics) published in 1968"
TL;DR: In this article, the steady state response of a pendulum seismometer to Rayleigh and Love waves, tilt, and free oscillations of the Earth is treated, including the effects of tilt, variation in the angle of inclination, and along-the-boom acceleration.
Abstract: The horizontal pendulum seismometer is sensitive not only to acceleration along its sensitive axis but also to tilt, variations in the angle of inclination, and along-the-boom acceleration. The complete steady-state response of this type of seismometer to Rayleigh and Love waves, tilt, and free oscillations of the Earth is treated. An equation of motion is developed which includes the effects of tilt, variation in the angle of inclination, and along-the-boom acceleration. An approximate solution to this equation is obtained which separates out the response due to each effect. The response, including these effects, is developed for Rayleigh and Love waves and the conditions under which along-the-boom acceleration and variations in the angle of inclination are important are stated. The question “How much of the seismogram is due to tilt?” is answered in detail for long period Rayleigh waves and free oscillations. It is shown that the seismograms resulting from such waves can require sizable corrections depending on the wave parameters. A correction factor for Rayleigh waves is developed which is universal in the sense that it is independent of the parameters of the particular seismometer and thus applies to all pendulous horizontal seismographs. For Rayleigh waves it is a function only of ellipticity, phase velocity, and period. Correction factor curves for long-period retrograde Rayleigh waves are presented. For circular particle motions a ten per cent correction is required for a three hundred second Rayleigh wave. The problem of obtaining the horizontal ground motion is treated. The response of the horizontal seismometer as a tilt meter is examined; a conversion factor between displacement and tilt magnification is developed. The complete response to simultaneous spheroidal and torsional free oscillations of the Earth is developed. It is shown that the principal response to the low-order spheroidal modes is as a tilt meter. The relationship between the horizontal and vertical seismogram is developed.
127 citations
Journal Article•
120 citations
TL;DR: In this article, visual judgments of verticality were investigated during (effect) and after (aftereffect) different body postures, and the aftereffect from head tilt was greater than that from the same degree of body tilt, and that in the trunk tilt condition was in the same direction as predicted from neck stimulation.
Abstract: Visual judgments of orientation were investigated during (effect) and after (aftereffect) different body postures. In Experiment 1 four trained Ss made apparent verticality (AV) judgments before and after 2 min in each of seven orientations: head tilt left and right, body tilt left and right, trunk tilt left and right and a control condition with head ’and body upright. The aftereffect was significant for all postures excepting trunk tilt left and the control. The aftereffect from head tilt was greater than that from the same degree of body tilt, and that in the trunk tilt condition was in the same direction as’ predicted from neck stimulation. In Experiment 2, 30 Ss made AV judgments during tilt in the same seven postures. The E-phenomenon resulted from both head and body tilts, and an effect was found for trunk tilt in the direction predicted from neck stimulation. The results are discussed in terms of the otolith, neck, and trunk receptor systems.
67 citations
TL;DR: Aluminum oxide relative grain boundary energy and surface diffusion coefficient, considering thermal grooving of bicrystals with symmetrical tilt boundaries, were derived by as mentioned in this paper, considering bicystals with symmetry tilt boundaries.
Abstract: Aluminum oxide relative grain boundary energy and surface diffusion coefficient, considering thermal grooving of bicrystals with symmetrical tilt boundaries
48 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the relative grain boundary energy increases with tilt angle up to about 20 degrees and then remains relatively constant with increasing angle, which is explained by segregation of point defects to the boundary.
Abstract: Relative energies of symmetrical [001] tilt boundaries in nickel oxide bicrystals were determined from the dihedral angle at the groove root with a surface profilometer. At 1535°C in air, the relative grain boundary energy increases with tilt angle up to about 20 degrees and then remains relatively constant with increasing angle. A strong temperature dependence of boundary energy is explained by segregation of point defects to the boundary. Grooving kinetics are controlled by volume diffusion of nickel, and a theoretical discussion of mass transport in nonstoichio-metric solids is given, predicting this behavior under certain conditions.
39 citations
29 citations
TL;DR: Most children who learned to discriminate opposing 45 degrees line tilts on a relational basis-oddity-did not learn the specific direction of the positive tilt, but children who did not use oddity did discriminate the specific tilt.
Abstract: Most children who learned to discriminate opposing 45° line tilts on a relational basis—oddity—did not learn the specific direction of the positive tilt. Most children who did not use oddity did discriminate the specific tilt.
19 citations
Journal Article•
19 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a geometrical model of the radio-frequency size effect (RFSE) in potassium was proposed, which accounts for the tilt dependence of both the primary RFSE series and the newly resolved signals.
Abstract: An initial study of the radio-frequency size effect (RFSE) in potassium by Koch and Wagner revealed several interesting features which occurred on tilting the magnetic field out of the sample plane. We wish to report an independent investigation and interpretation of the RFSE in potassium. Because of increased sample purity and higher experimental frequencies (up to 35 MHz), a number of new features of the phenomenon have been observed in addition to the primary RFSE series. These new signals occur in the low-field range where sharply resolved signals are observed. The higher-field regime where oscillatory signals are observed has also been studied in detail. For exciting currents polarized perpendicular to the magnetic field, these oscillatory signals are observed to exhibit a cutoff which is a strong function of tilt. On the basis of these experiments, a geometrical model of the RFSE is proposed which differs significantly from that used by Koch and Wagner. The model successfully accounts for the tilt dependence of both the primary RFSE series and the newly resolved signals. Using currents polarized parallel to the magnetic field, signals were observed due to the transition from effective to ineffective electrons spanning the sample thickness. This transition occurs for electrons near the limiting point of the Fermi surface and provides a caliper for the orbits in this region. Studies of these orbits confirm the observation of Koch and Wagner that the Fermi surface is indeed spherical and not distorted in the vicinity of the limiting points by either a spin-density or a charge-density wave.
19 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the proprioceptive system of the neck, as opposed to the otolithSystem of the utricle, is involved in the after-effect of prolonged head tilt.
Abstract: Judgements of object orientation after prolonged head tilt differ relative to those made before tilt. This visual spatial after-effect was investigated with lateral head tilt relative to the uprigh...
TL;DR: In this article, the wave tilt for parallel and perpendicular polarization is measured by measuring the phase difference between the signals induced in crossed dipoles lying in the plane of incidence, which is useful for the HF, MF, and LF range.
Abstract: Techniques for measuring the wave tilt for parallel and perpendicular polarization are reviewed and an extensive bibliography is included. An additional measurement technique is proposed which should be useful for the HF, MF, and LF range, and has potential application in the VLF band. Measurement of the phase difference between the signals induced in crossed dipoles lying in the plane of incidence allows determination of the ground constants.
Patent•
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03 Jul 1968
TL;DR: A torso tilt board as discussed by the authors is a frame having a seat member mounted on the frame at an angle from the horizontal and an inclined member adjustable to varying positions including a top edge portion contoured for cradling either the arm or neck of a patient and formed with a depression in the midportion.
Abstract: A torso tilt board consisting of a frame having a seat member mounted on the frame at an angle from the horizontal and an inclined member adjustable to varying positions including a top edge portion contoured for cradling either the arm or neck of a patient and formed with a depression in the midportion. The device being useful particularly for patients having serious injuries involving the upper extremities, chest and abdomen.
TL;DR: It was found that with increase in age, the position of apparent vertical shifts from the side of body tilt to the side opposite tilt, and while the apparent location of longitudinal body axis deviates beyond true body tilt in all age groups, after 7 years there is a slight decrease in deviation followed by an accelerated increase after 13 years of age.
Patent•
05 Mar 1968TL;DR: In this article, a hydraulic variable-ratio transmission with a tilting-head pump and a motor tilthead is presented. But the main difference is that the motor tilt heads are set to zero delivery, whereas the pump tilt head is set to maximum tilt.
Abstract: 1,164,763. Hydraulic transmissions. LINDE A.G. 5 March, 1968 [6 March, 1967], No. 10509/68. Heading F2C. In an hydraulic variable-ratio transmission wherein a tilting-head pump is hydraulically connected to a tilting-head motor, and the pump driving shaft 1 is perpendicular to the motor driven shaft 6, the pump tilthead 3 is positively mechanically connected to the motor tilthead 7 by a linkage comprising a twoarmed member 11 which is pivoted intermediate its ends at 10 to a link 9 in turn pivoted at 8 to the pump tilt head and which is pivoted at its ends at 12 respectively to the motor tilt head and to a further link pivoted on a fixed part of the transmission. As shown, the further link comprises the tilthead 7 of a second motor, the shaft of which is coaxial with that of the first-mentioned motor. Each pivot point 12 lies to one side of a plane 13 passing through the longitudinal and tilt axes of the corresponding tilthead 7, the two points 12 lying respectively on the sides of the planes 13 remote from and towards the pump. The two-armed member 11 and the link 9 may serve as a working fluid line. The pivot 10 may be slide-guided. With the pump tilt head set to zero delivery, the motor tilt heads are set to maximum tilt. Each motor driven shaft 6 is brakable at 15, and drives through a gear pair 16, 7 and a sunring epicyclic train 18. Pump head tilt is effected by a servomotor 21 energized by pressure from an input pump 23 under the control of a valve 22.
TL;DR: Two groups of 8 Ss each were exposed to a constant optical tilt of 30° for ½ hr or to a series of prism tilts that varied from 5° to 30° in 5° increments every 5 min, and the rate of change in level of adaptation per unit time was significantly greater for Group V than Group C.
Abstract: Two groups of 8 Ss each were exposed either to a constant optical tilt (Group C) of 30° for ½ hr. or to a series of prism tilts that varied from 5° to 30° in 5° increments every 5 min. (Group V). The rate of change in level of adaptation per unit time was significantly greater for Group V than Group C. The relation between these results and implications from the assumption of a comparator were discussed.
01 Jan 1968
TL;DR: In this paper, noise studies of a short Kino gun with and without cathode tilts are described, and two tilts have been investigated in order to study the relative effect of tilts.
Abstract: In this letter, noise studies of a short Kino gun with and without cathode tilts are described. It is found that for B/B c ≈ 1 there is a sharp increase in noise without any cathode tilt in a short Kino gun. For tilted cathodes noise appears only for B/B c > 1. Two tilts have been investigated in order to study the relative effect. A tilt produces an extra component of magnetic field at the cathode surface in addition to the magnetic field in the conventional direction. With tilted cathodes the noise output is reduced by two orders of magnitude from that obtained from an untilted cathode in a short Kino gun.
TL;DR: In this article, a transverse voltage along the binary axis is observed in bismuth in a longitudinal magnetic field along the bisectrix direction, which can be used to estimate the tilt angle of energy ellipsoids with respect to the crystal axes in semimetals.
Abstract: A transverse voltage along the binary axis is observed in bismuth in a longitudinal magnetic field along the bisectrix direction. This voltage is found to be directly related to the tilt of electron energy ellipsoid around the binary axis. The observed transverse voltage is proportional to the longitudinal electric and magnetic fields in the classical high magnetic field region and gives a value of 8°31' for the tilt angle. This transverse voltage is relatively unaffected by the presence of impurities and can be a useful tool to estimate the tilt angle of energy ellipsoids with respect to the crystal axes in semimetals. Prediction of the sign of this transverse voltage requires an exact knowledge of the relative crystalline and field directions. The anomalous longitudinal magnetoresistance is also discussed.
Patent•
18 Nov 1968
TL;DR: In this article, a VERTICAL this articleERENCE system is presented for supplying output ELECTRICAL SIGNAL PROPORTIONAL to the SINES OF the ANGLES OF TILT OF a STRUCTURE with respect to the VERTIAL about two tilt AXES at right angles to each other.
Abstract: A VERTICAL REFERENCE SYSTEM IS PROVIDED FOR SUPPLYING OUTPUT ELECTRICAL SIGNAL PROPORTIONAL TO THE SINES OF THE ANGLES OF TILT OF A STRUCTURE WITH RESPECT TO THE VERTIAL ABOUT TWO TILT AXES AT RIGHT ANGLES TO EACH OTHER. THE SPECIFIC SYSTEM DISCLOSED INCLUDES A VERTICAL GYROSCOPE HAVING A ROTOR MOUNTED IN INNER AND OUTER GIMBALS ON A GYROSCOPE SUPORT WHICH IN TURN IS RIGIDLY SECURED TO THE STRUCTURE SUBJECT TO BEING TILTED. TWO FORCES BALANCED ACCELEROMETERS ARE SECURED TO THE GYROSCOPE SUPPORT AND EACH IS POSITIONED TO SENSE THE ANGLE OF TILT OF THE STRUCTURE ABOUT ONE OF SUCH TILT AXES. THE ACCELEROMETERS ARE EMPLOYED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PICKOFFS AND TORQUES ON THE AXES OF THE GIMBALS TO MAINTAIN THE SPIN AXES OF THE GYROSCOPE VERTICAL. THE OUTPUT SIGNALS ARE OBTAINED FROM THE PICKOFFS ON THE GIMBAL AXES.
Patent•
18 Jan 1968
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a system to determine the tilt angle of two planes relative to each other and to the Earth's surface by using a set of sensors attached to each plane.
Abstract: A MODULE SYSTEM TO DETERMINE THE TILT OF TWO PLANES RELATIVE TO EACH OTHER AND TO THE EARTH HORIZONTAL/VERTICAL. A MODULE IS AFFIXED TO EACH PLANE, BELOW THE PLANE. EACH MODULE HAS A RESOLVER WITH A PENDULUM ATTACHED TO THE RESOLVER SHAFT. THE OUTPUT OF ONE MODULE RESOLVER IS FED TO THE OTHER MODULE RESOLVER AND THE OUTPUT OF THE SECOND MODULE RESOLVER THEN PROVIDES THE TILT ANGLE.
Journal Article•
Abstract: The Fourier transforms of the tiltmetric and barometric records at the Oura and Akibasan stations in Wakayama City have been obtained and compared to investigate the effect of atmospheric pressure on the ground tilt observed by tiltmeters of the horizontal pendulum type. The result shows that the amplitude ratio of ground tilt to pressure increases as the frequency increases and that the phase difference between them also varies slightly with the frequency. This suggests that pressure influence on the tiltmetric record consists of two parts. One is a local term which is proportional to the change of pressure and possibly related to purely local influence including instrumental disturbance. The other is proportional to the time derivative which may also be either related to the purely local effect of the pressure or related to ground deformation due to the extensive loading effect of the pressure. The same treatment has been carried out as to the tiltmetric and barometric data observed at the Amagase Observatory in Kyoto, the result of which shows that there is no contradiction of the above inference for the interpretation of the atmospheric disturbance at Amagase.