Topic
Time perception
About: Time perception is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1918 publications have been published within this topic receiving 87020 citations.
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01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated how effective virtual reality is in manipulating and eventually training time perception for children with learning and/or behavior disorders, and presented the theoretical and empirical framework, design, and evaluation of virtual reality based game for training children with ADHD.
Abstract: This project aims at investigating how effective virtual reality is in manipulating and eventually training time perception for children with learning and/or behavior disorders. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) appear to have problems in time perception and this affects their daily life. Cause of ADHD is still unknown but it is believed that it comes from some impairments in their brain. Connectivity of multiple brain regions is needed for time perception. Small dysfunctions in these brain regions may cause time perceiving problems. However, they can be trained in their early ages. Given its ability to create immersive space-temporal environments, virtual reality could be useful in improving the sequential time perception. In particular, adding the engagement factor, we believe that a virtual reality based game could be a very promising tool for training. This paper presents the theoretical and empirical framework, design, and evaluation of virtual reality based game for training time perception of children with ADHD.
3 citations
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TL;DR: Measuring time in a time past—before the Apple The chronoscope circuit contains besides the reaction key, a sound hammer and control hammer, which makes the high-resistance circuit as it falls past the upper contact and breaks it again at the lower contact.
Abstract: Measuring time in a time past—before the Apple The chronoscope circuit contains besides the reaction key, a sound hammer and control hammer. When the clang reactions are to be taken, the two hammers are closed. For comparison purposes, noise reactions may be taken with the sound hammer: the control hammer is then closed, and the low resistance-circuit (wire-and-pick circuit) left open. Control times for the noise reactions may be taken with the control hammer in its present position: key and sound hammer are closed; the low-resistance circuit is open. The hammer makes the high-resistance circuit as it falls past the upper contact and breaks it again at the lower contact. Control times for the clang reactions are taken by connecting the wires of the low-resistance circuit to an upper break-contact, and the wires of the high-resistance circuit to a lower break-contact on the control hammer: key sound hammer, and wire-and-pick are closed. As the hammer falls, it first breaks the lowresistance circuit (the clock hands move) and then breaks the high-resistance circuit (the clock hands stop).
3 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: From this brief overview of psychological, neuropsychological and brain imaging studies which rely on theoretical models postulating the existence of an internal timer comes the idea that, if an internaltimer exits, it does not mark objective time but a multitude of subjective times.
Abstract: Time shapes our behavior: we must estimate the duration of events in our environment in order to anticipate changes and time our activity in function of these changes. However, there is no sensory modality devoted to the perception of time, therefore the question is to know which mechanisms underlie the consciousness that time flows and allow us to estimate time precisely. This article proposes a brief overview of psychological, neuropsychological and brain imaging studies which rely on theoretical models postulating the existence of an internal timer. These studies examine the different components--time base, counter and memory--of this timer: particularly they are aimed at characterising the relationships between the evolution of these components with age or their pathological alterations and changes in temporal judgements. They also attempt to specify the neural bases of these components. From this brief overview comes the idea that, if an internal timer exits, it does not mark objective time but a multitude of subjective times.
3 citations
TL;DR: The discounting rate in intertemporal choice was significantly larger in backward motion condition than in both forward motion and stationary conditions, indicating that backward motion perception made participants more myopic (specifically, more likely to choose the smaller immediate reward instead of the large delayed one) during their decision-makings.
Abstract: Intertemporal choice refers to the choice between receiving a small immediate reward or a large delayed one. Previous studies have indicated that time perception plays a critical role in the intertemporal choice, and it could be affected by the features of the target stimulus in the time reproduction task, such as speed of movement and state of motion. However, there is no evidence about whether backward or forward motion perception could alter the intertemporal choice. Thus, in our current study, 29 participants were asked to perform two tasks in a random order. One was the intertemporal choice task after viewing videos containing moving elements with forward/backward directions as well as stationary ones, and another was the time perception task. We found that the discounting rate in intertemporal choice was significantly larger in backward motion condition than in both forward motion and stationary conditions, indicating that backward motion perception made participants more myopic (specifically, more likely to choose the smaller immediate reward instead of the large delayed one) during their decision-makings. Meanwhile, participants overestimated the temporal duration in a time perception task in backward motion condition compared to the other two conditions. Furthermore, the Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the changes of the intertemporal choice induced by backward motion perception could be associated with the altered time perception. As far as we know, we provide the first evidence on influence of motion perception on the intertemporal choice as well as its possible cognitive correlates, which extend previous studies on cognitive basis of the intertemporal choices.
3 citations
TL;DR: A review of the literature regarding time estimation and schizophrenia can be found in this paper, where the authors discuss specific issues related to how perceptual dysfunction in schizophrenia may lead to abnormalities in time perception, and propose new perspectives towards an integrative approach between phenomenology and neuroscience.
Abstract: Ces dernieres annees, un consensus general emerge selon lequel l'integration des approches phenomenologiques et neuroscientifiques permettrait d'enrichir nos connaissances sur la physiopathologie des perturbations psychiatriques, en particulier dans le cas de la schizophrenie, pathologie dans laquelle cliniciens et chercheurs retrouvent des troubles de la perception temporelle et de l'estimation des durees. Le but de cet article est de presenter un apercu de la litterature actuelle sur la perception temporelle dans la schizophrenie, d'un point de vue phenomenologique et neuroscientifique. Il s'agit egalement de montrer les liens existants entre perturbations cognitives dans la schizophrenie et les distorsions temporelles presentes par ces patients. Meme si l'approche phenomenologique et la psychopathologie suggerent que les difficultes temporelles pourraient etre le symptome cle de la schizophrenie, les recherches en psychologie cognitive et en neurosciences ne retrouvent pas de lien systematique entre intensite des troubles dans la schizophrenie et difficultes d'estimation temporelle. Les donnees actuelles encouragent donc a privilegier une approche integrative de la phenomenologie et des neurosciences, a travers l'approche neurodeveloppementale, afin de mieux comprendre les perturbations observees dans la schizophrenie et proposer ainsi de nouveaux moyens de prise en charge pour les patients. Based on clinical, phenomenological and neurobiological observations, psychiatrists often report a deficit in time estimation in patients with schizophrenia. Cognitive models of time estimation in healthy subjects have been proposed and developed for approximately 30 years. The investigation of time perception is pertinent to the understanding of neurobiological and cognitive abnormalities in schizophrenia. Brain lesions and neuroimaging studies have shown that the critical brain structures engaged in time perception include the prefrontal and parietal lobes, thalamus, basal ganglia and cerebellum. These brain areas have been implicated in the physiopathology of schizophrenia in that there is impaired coordination of activity among these regions. Clinical and experimental date strongly suggest that patients with schizophrenia are less accurate in their ability to estimate time than healthy subjects. The specificity of these clinical and behavioral impairments is still in question. The aims of this article are to present an overview of the literature regarding time estimation and schizophrenia, to discuss specific issues related to how perceptual dysfunction in schizophrenia may lead to abnormalities in time perception, and to propose new perspectives towards an integrative approach between phenomenology and neuroscience. We present a review of the literature describing the current theory in the field of time perception, which is supported by a connectionist model, postulating that temporal judgment is based upon a pacemaker-counter device that depends mostly upon memory and attentional resources. The pacemaker emits pulses that are accumulated in a counter, and the number of pulses determines the perceived length of an interval. Patients with schizophrenia are known to display attentional and memory dysfunctions. Moreover, dopamine regulation mechanisms are involved in both the temporal perception and schizophrenia. It is still unclear if temporal impairments in schizophrenia are related to a specific disturbance in central temporal processes or are due to certain cognitive problems, such as attentional and memory dysfunctions, or biological abnormalities. While psychopathological and phenomenological work strongly suggests that time perception disturbance may be the key or core symptom in schizophrenia, neuroscience studies have failed to do the same. The question of specificity of temporal perception impairments in schizophrenia remains contested. Neuroscience studies suggest that time symptoms in patients with schizophrenia are only secondary to thought disorders and primary cognitive impairments. This debate refers to the etiologic/organic versus psychogenesis/psychological dichotomy and may be over-taken. Clinical evidence associated with psychopathological, biological and cognitive theories strongly suggests that patients with schizophrenia have a deficit in time perception. Discrimination and reproduction of durations have been found to be constantly impaired and disorganized. There is still much work to be done to identify the exact sources of variability in temporal judgments in schizophrenia, and the study of developmental course of time perception could be an interesting route. Regardless of the role of temporal deficits in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (as a general cognitive disorder or a core role), clinical and phenomenological data encourage us to conduct further studies, especially in the field of developmental psychology.
3 citations