Time perception

About: Time perception is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1918 publications have been published within this topic receiving 87020 citations.

Distortion in time perception as a result of concern about appearing biased

Abstract: Two experiments illustrate that the perception of a given time duration slows when white participants observe faces of black men, but only if participants are concerned with appearing biased. In Experiment 1 the concern with the appearance of bias is measured as a chronic state using the external motivation to respond without prejudice scale (Plant & Devine, 1998). In Experiment 2 it is manipulated by varying the race of the experimenter (black versus white). Time perception is assessed via a temporal discrimination task commonly used in the literature. Models of time perception identify arousal as a factor that causes perceived time to slow, and we speculate that arousal arising in intergroup interactions can alter time perception.

Feedback and repetition as a tool to rehabilitate time perception in Korsakoff’s syndrome: a case study.

Abstract: The present study assesses the effect of repetition and feedback on time reproduction in a participant with Korsakoff’s syndrome. The procedure consisted of three subsequent trials for each of five time intervals (5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 seconds). In each trial, the participant was asked to fix a cross that was displayed in the center of a screen for 5, 10, 20, 30, or 40 seconds; afterward, he was asked to reproduce the duration of the display. At the end of each trial, the participant was provided with 1) feedback on the difference between his reproduced interval and the reference interval and 2) an invitation to comply, as far as possible, with the reference interval in the next trial. The results showed under-reproduction of the five time intervals in all three trials. Interestingly, the participant demonstrated a reduction in the difference between his reproduced time and the real one (i.e., an improvement in time reproduction) across the three trials for the 5, 10, and 20 second intervals, but not for the 30 or 40 second intervals. These findings demonstrate not only time distortions in a patient with Korsakoff’s syndrome, but also the beneficial effect of repetition and feedback for the reproduction of short intervals. Correspondence to: Mohamad EL HAJ, Université de Lille 3, Département de Psychologie, Domaine du Pont de Bois, B.P 60149. 59653, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France, E-mail: mohamad.elhaj@univ-lille3.fr

Understanding anticipatory time perception in consumers' time- related decisions

Abstract: Anticipatory time (e.g., prospective duration into the future) is one of the key pieces of information to be processed in intertemporal decisions decisions requiring a tradeoff between smaller sooner and larger delayed outcomes. Extensive research has examined human and animal perception of time as it is currently passing (i.e., experienced time) and time that has already passed (i.e., retrospective time). However, the nature of anticipatory time perception and its role in consumers’ judgment and decision making have been largely neglected. In my dissertation, I aim to demonstrate that considering subjective anticipatory time estimates offers a new perspective to understand intertemporal decisions. For this purpose, first, I propose that both diminishing sensitivity to longer time horizons (i.e., how long individuals perceive short time horizons to be relative to long time horizons) and the level of time contraction overall (i.e., how long or short individuals perceive time horizons to be overall) contribute to how much individuals discount the value of delayed outcomes, and, then, examine factors influencing intertemporal decisions by changing subjective time perception. Specifically, in the first and third essays, I demonstrate that sexually arousing images and auditory tempo (which has been shown to influence judgment of elapsed time) influence anticipatory time perception and subsequent intertemporal preferences. These results indicate that anticipatory time perception shares the property of perceptual inputs (e.g., people process anticipatory time as if they “perceive” elapsed time). In the second and fourth essays, I demonstrate that cognitive information available at the time of judging anticipatory time such as spatial distance and perceived life span influence individuals’ intertemporal preferences by changing their subjective perception of anticipatory time, which suggests that anticipatory time perception also has the property of embodied cognitions. Taken together, my dissertation incorporate both time perception research and consumer research on time-related judgment and decision making and sheds light on both domains. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Marketing First Advisor Gal Zauberman

Memory for Time

Abstract: Memory for Time Heather Van Volkinburg Research on the perception of time has focused on isolating an internal time keeping mechanism. This focus has caused research in this domain to stay focused on perceptual mechanisms. However, information that has been perceived must also be stored into memory. The dominant model of time perception, SET, specifies a clock stage, a memory stage, and a decision stage (Gibbon, 1977), but there has been comparatively more research focusing on the internal clock than on memory mechanisms. This dissertation focuses on the memory for time by incorporating manipulations used in non-temporal memory research into timing tasks. Chapter 1 targets working memory for time and shows that brief delays between learning and recall cause temporal estimates to lengthen. Chapter 2 targets retention and storage of multiple time intervals over a delay of a few minutes and shows that the estimates of target times learned together will migrate towards each other in memory. We also showed that scalar variability arises at retrieval. Chapter 3 attempts to reconfigure a categorization task to target implicit memory for time. Overall, the research demonstrates that exploring memory mechanisms for time will increase our understanding of time perception and provide us with information that focusing on the internal