Time perception

About: Time perception is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1918 publications have been published within this topic receiving 87020 citations.

The effect of pain on reference memory for duration

Abstract: Previous research has consistently reported that pain related stimuli are perceived as lasting longer than non-pain related ones, suggesting that pain lengthens subjective time. However, to date, the investigation has been limited to the immediate effects of pain on time perception. The current study aims to investigate whether pain affects how a duration is recalled after a period of delay. In two experiments, participants were asked to complete four temporal generalisation tasks, where they were required first to remember the duration of a standard tone (learning phase) and then to compare the standard duration to a series of comparison durations (testing phase). Using a 2 × 2 design, the four tasks differed in terms of whether participants were exposed to a painful or non-painful stimulus during the learning phase, and whether the testing phase started immediately or 15 min after the learning phase. Participants were exposed to low pain in Experiment 1 and high pain in Experiment 2. Two possible results were expected: pain could decrease temporal accuracy, because pain disrupts cognitive processes required for accurate timing, or pain could increase temporal accuracy, because pain facilitates memory consolidation. Contrary to expectations, results from both Experiments indicated that participants’ temporal performances were similar in the pain and no-pain conditions when testing occurred 15 min after the learning phase. Findings, therefore, suggest that pain neither disrupts nor enhances long-term memory representations of duration.

Comparing Time Perception by Various Durations in Children with and without ADHD

Abstract: Objective:: The purpose of the current study is to examine the performance of children with and without ADHD in time reproduction tasks involving variation in time durations and visual modality. Method: Fifteen children with ADHD from a pediatric psychiatric clinic were selected using a ADHD rating scale and Conners parents scale and were compared 15 healthy children from two schools in Mashhad. Time reproduction tasks for visual modality were in six time durations (6 second, 12 seconds, 18 seconds, 24 seconds, 36 seconds, and 48 seconds). Results: The main effects of group and task time duration were confirmed (the accuracy decreased as the temporal duration increased).Furthermore, interactions between group and task time duration were approved (the discrepancy in performance between the two groups grew as the temporal duration increased). Conclusion: The children with ADHD have more problems in time perception than healthy children and their problems would be greater with greater time durations.

Sports experts' unique perception of time duration based on the processing principle of an integrated model of timing.

Abstract: Background Duration perception is an essential part of our cognitive and behavioral system, helping us interact with the outside world. An integrated model of timing, which states that the perceived duration of a given stimulus is based on the efficiency of information extraction, was recently set forth to improve current understanding of the representation and judgment of time. However, the prediction from this model that more efficient information extraction results in longer perceived duration has not been tested. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate whether sports experts, as a group of individuals with information extraction superiority in situations relevant to their sport skill, have longer duration perceptions when they view expertise-related stimuli compared with others with no expertise/experience. Methods For this study, 81 subjects were recruited based on a prior power analysis. The sports experts group had 27 athletes with years of professional training in diving; a wrestler group and a nonathlete group, with each of these groups having 27 subjects, were used as controls. All participants completed a classic duration reproduction task for subsecond and suprasecond durations with both the diving images and general images involved. Results The divers reproduced longer durations for diving stimuli compared with general stimuli under both subsecond and suprasecond time ranges, while the other samples showed the opposite pattern. Furthermore, the years of training in diving were positively correlated with the magnitude of the prolonged reproduction duration when divers viewed diving stimuli. Moreover, the diver group showed a more precise duration perception in subsecond time range for general stimuli compared with the wrestlers and nonathletes. Conclusion The results suggest that sports experts perceive longer duration when viewing expertise-related stimuli compared with others with no expertise/experience.

The Effects of Memory Load on Time Perception of Facebook and Internet Related Stimuli

Abstract: Previous research has shown that salient stimuli can impact our time perception either by affecting our arousal or attention. Furthermore, concurrent nontemporal tasks can cause interference in our perception of time. In this study, participants performed a time bisection task with Facebook, Internet, or Neutral stimuli in conjunction with a 1-Back or a 2-Back task. Findings suggest that the memory task and the salient stimuli had independent effects on time perception. The 2-Back task (compared to 1-Back task) produced an overestimation of time and worst discriminability whereas the salient (facebook and internet related) stimuli (compared to neutral stimuli) produced an overestimation but better discriminability of time.