Time perception

About: Time perception is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1918 publications have been published within this topic receiving 87020 citations.

Intrasaccadic Motion: Neural Evidence for Saccadic Suppression and Postsaccadic Enhancement

Abstract: Primates have relatively small foveas within their retinas. There are sufficient photoreceptors only in the fovea to allow high spatial resolution vision. Thus, to obtain high-resolution images in the entire visual field, there is a need to point the fovea at targets of interest, and this is achieved using saccadic eye movements. Humans make around three saccades per second. How is smooth, uninterrupted visual perception maintained in the face of the frequent image displacements generated by saccades? It has been known for many years that visual perception is modified before, during, and after saccades and, more recently, evidence has accumulated showing how neural activity is also modulated. This review will describe some of the recent electrophysiological work that shows how neural activity in the visual brain changes at the time of saccades. The review is divided into three sections. The first section describes theories relating to the saccadic suppression and some of the neural evidence to support and refute those theories. The second section describes the recently discovered alterations to the timing of visual responses in the nervous system. It turns out that the latencies of visual responses are reduced at the time of saccades, providing possible explanations for the changes in the time perception that have been observed. The third section describes how neural responsiveness is increased after saccades. Recent findings have shown that when visual stimuli are presented within the receptive fields of visual neurons soon after saccades, responses are larger than that occurring in the absence of saccades. This enhanced responsiveness persists for approximately the same duration as typical intersaccadic periods. Thus, visual responsiveness is normally enhanced between saccades. Conversely, during long periods of fixation visual sensitivity is relatively low. These latter findings suggest that the motor and visual systems work closely together to maximize the sensitivity and efficiency of the visual system.

Research of time processing disorder within the investigation of specific traits of schizophrenia

Abstract: Introduction Schizophrenia is essentially related to one’s self-perception and the relationship to the world. One possible explanation for symptoms of schizophrenia in activities is the disruption of timing, which can develop into a disorder of activity perception and attribution. Objectives Our study aimed to investigate the specificity of time perception disorder within the schizophrenia-bipolar spectrum, within the time interval around one second. Methods In the study, N = 15 schizophrenic (M = 37.28 years, SD = 9.49 years), N = 9 bipolar (M = 49.44 years, SD = 8.48 years), N = 10 schizoaffective (M = 41.32 years, SD = 10.75 years) patients with compensated clinical condition and N = 28 healthy control subjects (M = 36.5 years, SD = 9.9 years) participated. Time processing was examined with a perceptual (discrimination) and a productive (synchronization) task. Results Concerning the interval discrimination, patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder lag behind controls in the majority of indicators (0.373–0.772). In terms of production and reproduction, the deviation of schizoaffective patients indicates a moderate difference, but subjects with schizophrenia show a large effect size, and subjects with bipolar disorder demonstrate a small effect size. Conclusions Our results suggest that the schizophrenic group exhibits a comprehensive time-processing disorder and in this respect can be distinguished from the bipolar affective and the control group. People with schizoaffective disorder show an intermediate performance in reproduction between the schizophrenic and bipolar groups, while in the case of discrimination deficit, they approach schizophrenics. Disclosure No significant relationships.

The concept of time as a factor of regulation of social behavior of an individual

Abstract: The article considers the factor of time perception as a factor of social, cultural regulation and self-regulation of human behavior. The article describes the monochronic and polychronic perception of time, which affect cross-cultural communication and the formation of a monochronic and polychronic personality. Time is considered as a personal, existential category of a person’s life. The definition of a situation that helps to perceive a certain period of time, while connecting the past and the present, the present and the future, is given. The results of the study of the perception of time as a factor of motivation and self-regulation of the individual at different ages are presented