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Time projection chamber
About: Time projection chamber is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1597 publications have been published within this topic receiving 24177 citations.
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CERN1
21 Feb 1997-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: The gas electrons multiplier (GEM) as discussed by the authors is a composite grid consisting of two metal layers separated by a thin insulator, etched with a regular matrix of open channels, inserted in a gas detector on the path of drifting electrons.
Abstract: We introduce the gas electrons multiplier (GEM), a composite grid consisting of two metal layers separated by a thin insulator, etched with a regular matrix of open channels. A GEM grid with the electrodes kept at a suitable difference of potential, inserted in a gas detector on the path of drifting electrons, allows to pre-amplify the charge drifting through the channels. Coupled to other devices, multiwire or microstrip chambers, it permits to obtain higher gains, or to operate in less critical conditions. The separation of sensitive and detection volumes offers other advantages: a built-in delay, a strong suppression of photon feedback. Applications are foreseen in high rate tracking and Cherenkov Ring Imaging detectors. Multiple GEM grids assembled in the same gas volume allow to obtain large effective amplification factors in a succession of steps.
1,961 citations
Columbia University1, University of Amsterdam2, University of Bologna3, University of Mainz4, University of Münster5, University of Coimbra6, New York University Abu Dhabi7, University of Zurich8, Stockholm University9, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute10, Max Planck Society11, Weizmann Institute of Science12, University of Freiburg13, University of Nantes14, University of California, San Diego15, University of Chicago16, Purdue University17, Rice University18, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University19, University of California, Los Angeles20
TL;DR: In this article, a search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using 278.8 days of data collected with the XENON1T experiment at LNGS is reported.
Abstract: We report on a search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using 278.8 days of data collected with the XENON1T experiment at LNGS. XENON1T utilizes a liquid xenon time projection chamber with a fiducial mass of (1.30±0.01) ton, resulting in a 1.0 ton yr exposure. The energy region of interest, [1.4,10.6] keVee ([4.9,40.9] keVnr), exhibits an ultralow electron recoil background rate of [82-3+5(syst)±3(stat)] events/(ton yr keVee). No significant excess over background is found, and a profile likelihood analysis parametrized in spatial and energy dimensions excludes new parameter space for the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent elastic scatter cross section for WIMP masses above 6 GeV/c2, with a minimum of 4.1×10-47 cm2 at 30 GeV/c2 and a 90% confidence level.
1,808 citations
University of California, Davis1, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory2, Brookhaven National Laboratory3, Creighton University4, University of California, Los Angeles5, Purdue University6, University of Washington7, Kent State University8, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute9, Yale University10, Ohio State University11
01 Mar 2003-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: The STAR Time Projection Chamber (TPC) as discussed by the authors is used to record the collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and provides complete coverage around the beam-line, and complete tracking for charged particles within ± 1.8 units of pseudo-rapidity of the center of mass frame.
Abstract: The STAR Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is used to record the collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The TPC is the central element in a suite of detectors that surrounds the interaction vertex. The TPC provides complete coverage around the beam-line, and provides complete tracking for charged particles within ± 1.8 units of pseudo-rapidity of the center-of-mass frame. Charged particles with momenta greater than
579 citations
TL;DR: The DarkSide-20k detector as discussed by the authors is a direct WIMP search detector using a two-phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC) with an active mass of 23 t (20 t).
Abstract: Building on the successful experience in operating the DarkSide-50 detector, the DarkSide Collaboration is going to construct DarkSide-20k, a direct WIMP search detector using a two-phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC) with an active (fiducial) mass of 23 t (20 t). This paper describes a preliminary design for the experiment, in which the DarkSide-20k LAr TPC is deployed within a shield/veto with a spherical Liquid Scintillator Veto (LSV) inside a cylindrical Water Cherenkov Veto (WCV). This preliminary design provides a baseline for the experiment to achieve its physics goals, while further development work will lead to the final optimization of the detector parameters and an eventual technical design. Operation of DarkSide-50 demonstrated a major reduction in the dominant 39Ar background when using argon extracted from an underground source, before applying pulse shape analysis. Data from DarkSide-50, in combination with MC simulation and analytical modeling, shows that a rejection factor for discrimination between electron and nuclear recoils of $>3 \times 10^{9}$
is achievable. This, along with the use of the veto system and utilizing silicon photomultipliers in the LAr TPC, are the keys to unlocking the path to large LAr TPC detector masses, while maintaining an experiment in which less than $< 0.1$
events (other than $
u$
-induced nuclear recoils) is expected to occur within the WIMP search region during the planned exposure. DarkSide-20k will have ultra-low backgrounds than can be measured in situ, giving sensitivity to WIMP-nucleon cross sections of $1.2 \times 10^{-47}$
cm2 (
$1.1 \times 10^{-46}$
cm2) for WIMPs of 1 TeV/c2 (10 TeV/c2) mass, to be achieved during a 5 yr run producing an exposure of 100 t yr free from any instrumental background.
534 citations
TL;DR: The STAR Time Projection Chamber (TPC) as discussed by the authors is used to record collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and provides complete coverage around the beam-line, and complete tracking for charged particles within +- 1.8 units of pseudo-rapidity of the center of mass frame.
Abstract: The STAR Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is used to record collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The TPC is the central element in a suite of detectors that surrounds the interaction vertex. The TPC provides complete coverage around the beam-line, and provides complete tracking for charged particles within +- 1.8 units of pseudo-rapidity of the center-of-mass frame. Charged particles with momenta greater than 100 MeV/c are recorded. Multiplicities in excess of 3,000 tracks per event are routinely reconstructed in the software. The TPC measures 4 m in diameter by 4.2 m long, making it the largest TPC in the world.
414 citations