Tip clearance

About: Tip clearance is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2637 publications have been published within this topic receiving 32671 citations.

Control strategies for tip leakage vortex using inclined squealer rim in axial turbines

Abstract: In a typical gas turbine, due to its complicated blade geometry, complex vortex structures appear and cause significant aerodynamic loss. Vortex systems dominated by a tip leakage vortex near the tip region are the primary source of this loss. In this paper, to improve the aerodynamic performance of the turbine, two novel control strategies for tip leakage vortex and the tip leakage flow of the cavity tip are proposed, and their coupling control effects are numerically investigated. The first control strategy is intended to control the loss caused by the breakdown of tip leakage vortex. By inclining the external wall of the suction side rim toward the passage, the emergence of a trailing edge pressure spike is delayed. This significantly reduces the adverse pressure gradient, suppressing the breakdown of tip leakage vortex and reducing tip leakage loss. The second control strategy controls tip leakage flow using the inclined inner wall of the suction side rim, which enhances the separation bubble on the top of the rim of the suction side and reduces the leakage rate by 7.7%. In this way, the formation and development of tip leakage vortex are indirectly manipulated, inhibiting the tip leakage loss. The coupling of the two strategies reduces the blocking effect on tip leakage flow slightly compared to the second strategy. However, the stage efficiency of the turbine is still improved by 0.24% because of the effective suppression of tip leakage vortex breakdown.

An Optical Fiber Measurement System for Blade Tip Clearance of Engine

Abstract: The benefits of reducing the tip clearance have been receiving many scholars’ attention all the time, which bring turbine efficiency increasing, emissions reduction, payloads increasing, and mission range abilities extension. In order to gain the blade tip clearance dynamically, a prototype optical fiber measurement system was built and tested based on the rotor test rig. The optical fiber tip clearance measurement system consists of the reflective intensity-modulated optical fiber bundle (sensor), main signal processing unit, high-speed data acquisition card, and a computer. The static performance and dynamic performance experiments were conducted to verify the performance of the system we designed. In addition, the results show that the accuracy of the system is 25 μm or better; the stability of the measurement system was evaluated in room temperature. The clearance measurement range is about 5 mm, and sensitivity of the sensor is 0.0733/mm. Furthermore, the typical tip clearance dynamic measurement experiment results show that the system has good dynamic response characteristics as well. The system will provide a new tool for engine health monitoring or fast active tip clearance control.

Experimental and numerical investigations of tip clearance flow and loss in a variable geometry turbine cascade

Abstract: Variable geometry turbines are widely employed to improve the off-design performance of gas turbine engines; however, there is a performance penalty associated with the vane-end partial gap require...

The Effect of Rotor Tip Clearance Size onto the Separated Flow Through a Super-Aggressive S-Shaped Intermediate Turbine Duct Downstream of a Transonic Turbine Stage

Abstract: The demand of further increased bypass ratio of aero engines will lead to low pressure turbines with larger diameters, which rotate at lower speed. Therefore, it is necessary to guide the flow leaving the high pressure turbine to the low pressure turbine at a larger diameter without any loss generating separation or flow disturbances. Due to costs and weight this intermediate turbine duct (ITD) has to be as short as possible. This leads to an aggressive (high diffusion) and further to a super-aggressive s-shaped duct geometry. In order to investigate the influence of the blade tip gap size on such a high diffusion duct flow a detailed test arrangement under engine representative conditions is necessary. Therefore, the continuously operating Transonic Test Turbine Facility (TTTF) at Graz University of Technology has been adapted: An super-aggressive intermediate duct is arranged downstream of a transonic HP-turbine stage providing an exit Mach number of about 0.6 and a swirl angle of −15 degrees. A second LP-vane row is located at the end of the duct and represents the counter rotating low pressure turbine at a larger diameter. A following deswirler and a diffuser are the connection to the exhaust casing of the facility. In order to determine the influence of the blade tip gap size on the flow through such a super-aggressive s-shaped turbine duct measurements were conducted with two different tip gap sizes, 1.5% span (0.8 mm) and 2.4% span (1.3 mm). The aerodynamic design of the HP-turbine stage, ITD, LP-vane and the de-swirler was done by MTU Aero engines. In 2007 at ASME Turbo Expo the influence of the rotor clearance size onto the flow through an aggressive ITD was presented. For the present investigation this aggressive duct has been further shortened by 20% (super-aggressive ITD) that the flow at the outer duct wall is fully separated. This paper shows the influence of the rotor tip clearance size onto this separation. The flow through this intermediate turbine duct was investigated by means of five-hole-probes, static pressure taps, boundary layer rakes and oil flow visualisation. The oil flow visualisation showed the existence of vortical structures within the separation where they seem to be imposed by the upstream HP-vanes. This work is part of the EU-project AIDA (Aggressive Intermediate Duct Aerodynamics, Contract: AST3-CT-2003-502836).Copyright © 2009 by ASME

Use of partially shrouded impeller in a small centrifugal compressor

Abstract: Numerical analysis is conducted for the 3-dimensional impeller and vaneless diffuser of a small centrifugal compressor. The influence of impeller tip clearance on the flow field of the impeller is investigated. Detailed investigation on the leaking flow across the tip clearance of the impeller shows that the leaking flow rate is higher near the exit of the impeller than that near the inlet of the impeller. Based on this phenomenon, a new partially shrouded impeller is designed. The impeller is shrouded near the exit of the impeller. Numerical results show that the secondary flow region becomes smaller at the exit of the impeller. Better performance is achieved than that with the unshrouded impeller.