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Titanium

About: Titanium is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 68681 publications have been published within this topic receiving 948622 citations. The topic is also known as: Ti & element 22.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the design of new β type titanium alloys composed of non-toxic elements like Nb, Ta, Zr, Mo or Sn with lower moduli of elasticity and greater strength were studied based on the d-electron alloy design method, and the basic mechanical properties of designed alloys of button ingots melted by tri-arc furnace in the laboratory were investigated.
Abstract: Pure titanium and Ti–6Al–4V alloy have been mainly used as implant materials. V-free titanium alloys like Ti–6Al–7Nb and Ti–5Al–2.5Fe have been then developed because toxicity of V has been pointed out. Al- and V-free titanium alloys as implant materials have been developed. Most of them are, however, α+β type alloys. β type titanium alloys with lower moduli of elasticity and greater strength have been developed recently. Design of new β type titanium alloys composed of non-toxic elements like Nb, Ta, Zr, Mo or Sn with lower moduli of elasticity and greater strength were, therefore, studied based on the d-electron alloy design method, and the basic mechanical properties of designed alloys of button ingots melted by tri-arc furnace in the laboratory were investigated in this study. β type alloys, Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr, Ti–Nb–Ta–Mo and Ti–Nb–Ta–Sn system alloys designed in this study are expected to have greater performance for implant materials. The Young's moduli of these alloys are lower compared with that of Ti–6Al–4V ELI which has been used as an implant material. The alloys on which some heat treatments have been conducted offer suitable tensile properties as implant materials. The tensile strength and elongation of designed alloys in this study are equivalent or greater than required values already reported.

1,068 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: MIL-125, the first example of a highly porous and crystalline titanium(IV) dicarboxylate with a high thermal stability and photochemical properties, is presented, a very promising candidate for applications in smart photonic devices, sensors, and catalysis.
Abstract: Titanium is a very attractive candidate for MOFs due to its low toxicity, redox activity, and photocatalytic properties. We present here MIL-125, the first example of a highly porous and crystalline titanium(IV) dicarboxylate (MIL stands for Materials of Institut Lavoisier) with a high thermal stability and photochemical properties. Its structure is built up from a pseudo cubic arrangement of octameric wheels, built up from edge- or corner-sharing titanium octahedra, and terephthalate dianions leading to a three-dimensional periodic array of two types of hybrid cages with accessible pore diameters of 6.13 and 12.55 A. X-ray thermodiffractometry and thermal analysis show that MIL-125 is stable up to 360 °C under air atmosphere while nitrogen sorption analysis indicates a surface area (BET) of 1550 m2·g−1. Moreover, under nitrogen and alcohol adsorption, MIL-125 exhibits a photochromic behavior associated with the formation of stable mixed valence titanium-oxo compounds. The titanium oxo cluster are back ox...

1,037 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It may be said that the NiS/Pt/Ti counter electrode is a promising catalytic material to replace the expensive platinum in FDSSCs.
Abstract: A composite film of nickel sulfide/platinum/titanium foil (NiS/Pt/Ti) with low cost and high electrocatalytic activity was synthesized by the use of an in situ electropolymerization route and proposed as a counter electrode (CE) catalyst for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells (FDSSCs). The FDSSC with the NiS/Pt/Ti CE exhibited a comparable power conversion efficiency of 7.20% to the FDSSC with the platinum/titanium (Pt/Ti) CE showing 6.07%. The surface morphology of the NiS/Pt/Ti CE with one-dimensional (1D) structure is characterized by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The NiS/Pt/Ti CE also displayed multiple electrochemical functions of excellent conductivity, great electrocatalytic ability for iodine/triiodine, and low charge transfer resistance of 2.61 ± 0.02 Ω cm2, which were characterized by using the cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Tafel polarization plots. The photocurrent-photovoltage (J-V) character curves were further used to calculate the theoretical optical light performance parameters of the FDSSCs. It may be said that the NiS/Pt/Ti counter electrode is a promising catalytic material to replace the expensive platinum in FDSSCs.

1,036 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is proposed that anatase formation is dominated by surface energy effects, and that rutile and brookite formation follows a dissolution-precipitation mechanism, where chains of sixfold-coordinated titanium complexes arrange into different crystal structures depending on the reactant chemistry.
Abstract: We report on the synthesis of phase-pure TiO2 nanoparticles in anatase, rutile and brookite structures, using amorphous titania as a common starting material. Phase formation was achieved by hydrothermal treatment at elevated temperatures with the appropriate reactants. Anatase nanoparticles were obtained using acetic acid, while phase-pure rutile and brookite nanoparticles were obtained with hydrochloric acid at a different concentration. The nanomaterials were characterized using x-ray diffraction, UV–visible reflectance spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. We propose that anatase formation is dominated by surface energy effects, and that rutile and brookite formation follows a dissolution–precipitation mechanism, where chains of sixfold-coordinated titanium complexes arrange into different crystal structures depending on the reactant chemistry. The particle growth kinetics under hydrothermal conditions are determined by coarsening and aggregation–recrystallization processes, allowing control over the average nanoparticle size.

1,010 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present chemical surface modification is expected to allow the use the bioactive Ti and its alloys as artificial bones even under load-bearing conditions.
Abstract: A simple chemical method was established for inducing bioactivity of Ti and its alloys. When pure Ti, Ti-6A1-4V, Ti-6A1-2Nb-Ta, and Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3A1 substrates were treated with 10M NaOH aqueous solution and subsequently heat-treated at 600 degrees C, a thin sodium titanate layer was formed on their surfaces. Thus, treated substrates formed a dense and uniform bonelike apatite layer on their surfaces in simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of human blood plasma. This indicates that the alkali- and heat-treated metals bond to living bone through the bonelike apatite layer formed on their surfaces in the body. The apatite formation on the surfaces of Ti and its alloys was assumed to be induced by a hydrated titania which was formed by an ion exchange of the alkali ion in the alkali titanate layer and the hydronium ion in SBF. The resultant surface structure changed gradually from the outermost apatite layer to the inner Ti and its alloys through a hydrated titania and titanium oxide layers. This provides not only the strong bonding of the apatite layer to the substrates but also a uniform gradient of stress transfer from bone to the implants. The present chemical surface modification is therefore expected to allow the use the bioactive Ti and its alloys as artificial bones even under load-bearing conditions.

960 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20231,859
20224,005
20211,541
20202,451
20192,977
20183,074