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Toad
About: Toad is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1624 publications have been published within this topic receiving 28732 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, a 28kD protein from toad oocytes was identified by using p13 suc1 -agaroseaffinity chromatography, which is a UCH L1 homolog, was engaged in the process of progesterone-induced oocyte maturation possibly through an involvement in protein turnover and degradation.
Abstract: p28, a 28kD protein from toad (Bufo bufo gargarizans) oocytes, was identified by using p13 suc1 -agaroseaffinity chromatography. Sequence homology analysis of the full-length cDNA of p28(Gene Bank accessionnumber: AF 314091) indicated that it encodes a protein containing 224 amino-acids with about 55% iden-tities and more than 70% positives to human, rat or mouse UCH-L1, and contains homological functionaldomains of UCH family. Anti-p28 monoclonal antibody, on injecting into the oocytes, could inhibit theprogesterone-induced resumption of meiotic division in a dose-dependent manner. The recombinant pro-tein p28 showed similar SDS/PAGE behaviors to the native one, and promoted ubiquitin ethyl ester hydrolysis,a classical catalytic reaction for ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolases (UCHs). The results in this paperreveal that a novel protein, p28, exists in the toad oocytes, is a UCH L1 homolog, was engaged in the processof progesterone-induced oocyte maturation possibly through an involvement in protein turnover anddegradation.Key words: p28, cDNA clone, recombinant expression, ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase, oocytematuration.
14 citations
14 citations
TL;DR: This is the first time that arginine has been found to be involved in the biosynthesis of bufotenines in parotid of toad.
Abstract: A new indole alkaloid named bufobutarginine (1), along with three known bufotenines, namely, serotonin (2), bufotenidine (3), and bufotenine (4), were isolated from the water extract of toad venom. Their structures were elucidated by spectral methods. This is the first time that arginine has been found to be involved in the biosynthesis of bufotenines in parotid of toad. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds have been assayed against A375 and A549 cell lines by the MTT method; however, they showed no cytotoxic activities.
14 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Unlike frogs and European tree frogs, the common toad Bufo bufo possesses a tongue lacking filiform papillae on its dorsal surface, and its superficial layer of taste discs show features suggesting their gradual dezintegration, probably related to the process of cellular turnover in gustatory organs.
Abstract: Unlike frogs and European tree frogs, the common toad Bufo bufo possesses a tongue lacking filiform papillae on its dorsal surface. Instead, the mucosal epithelium forms irregular, high folds, dividing the surface of the tongue into numerous separate compartments. At the bottom of those compartments occur openings of tubular glands and singular ciliated cells. In a strongly distended tongue the folds of mucosa disappear, and the regions of glandular orifices assume a shape of pocket-like recesses. The taste discs with an average diameter of 120 micrograms are localized on the top of markedly shortened fungiform papillae. The superficial layer of taste discs contains a single type of glandular supporting cells, which in part of discs show features suggesting their gradual dezintegration, probably related to the process of cellular turnover in gustatory organs.
14 citations
TL;DR: It has been found that when vasopressin is placed in contact with the serosal side of the isolated toad bladder, there follows an increased transfer of water from the mucosal to theserosal surface.
Abstract: IT has been found that when vasopressin is placed in contact with the serosal side of the isolated toad bladder, there follows an increased transfer of water from the mucosal to the serosal surface1. Green and Matty2 have reported a similar effect with thyroxine.
14 citations