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Toad
About: Toad is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1624 publications have been published within this topic receiving 28732 citations.
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TL;DR: Results suggest that this naturally occurring heterohaemagglutinin has a structure similar to that of plant and animal lectins, which appears to have anti-B + HP specificity.
Abstract: The serum of the toad Bufo regularis contains a natural heterohaemagglutinin for human erythrocytes, Which appears to have anti-(B + HP) specificity. Results of inhibition and absorption experiments indicate that only one agglutinin is present. The biochemical specificity of the agglutinin may be provisionally described as involving alpha-D-galactose residues linked (1-3) in the B determinant, of red cells possessing the H ANTIGEN. Unlike amphibian IgM, the agglutinin was insensitive to 2-mercaptoethanol treatment; moreover, it could be eluted from the alpha1 globulin region on cellulose acetate electrophoresis. These results suggest that this naturally occurring heterohaemagglutinin has a structure similar to that of plant and animal lectins. The relationship of this observation to the phylogenetic evolution of immunity is discussed.
12 citations
TL;DR: There was no evidence for the presence of blood groups in the toads studied, and the electrophoretic pattern is basically similar to that of human sera, but there is less albumin present.
11 citations
TL;DR: Fluorescence histochemistry has been used to study the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on adrenaline-containing nerves in the large intestine, mesentery, lung, bladder and heart atria of the toad Bufo marinus and the time course of regeneration has been compared with that following sympathectomy in various mammalian organs.
Abstract: Fluorescence histochemistry has been used to study the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) (100 mg/kg injected into the dorsal lymph sac) on adrenaline-containing nerves in the large intestine, mesentery, lung, bladder and heart atria of the toad Bufo marinus. A gradual decrease both in fluorescence intensity and in number of detectable fibres during the first 4 hours after 6-OHDA was accompanied by a build-up of fluorescence in the nonterminal regions. These phenomena have been discussed in relation to the time course of the degeneration produced by 6-OHDA in noradrenergic nerves of higher vertebrates. Almost complete “chemical sympathectomy” was seen after one day, and it was not till 13 days that regenerating nerve fibres were seen in any organ. In the large intestine, however, re-innervation was slower, being first noted after 39 days. The time course of regeneration has been compared with that following sympathectomy in various mammalian organs.
11 citations
TL;DR: From the pituitary neurointermediate lobe of the African toad Bufo regularis, vasotoc in, hydrin 2 (vasotocinyl-Gly) and a mesotocin-like peptide have been isolated by HPLC and characterized by mass spectrometry, amino acid sequence and chromatographic coelution with synthetic peptides.
Abstract: From the pituitary neurointermediate lobe of the African toad Bufo regularis, vasotocin, hydrin 2 (vasotocinyl-Gly) and a mesotocin-like peptide have been isolated by HPLC and characterized by mass spectrometry, amino acid sequence and chromatographic coelution with synthetic peptides. The mesotocin-like peptide has been identified as [Ser5,Ile8]-oxytocin in place of mesotocin ([Ile8]-oxytocin) found in all other amphibians investigated to date. The name seritocin is suggested. The molecule is virtually devoid of oxytocic activity on rat uterus in contrast to mesotocin. On the other hand, the molar ratio of hydrin 2 to vasotocin in the pituitary reaches 2, whereas it is about 1 in toads and frogs from temperate regions. B. regularis is an anuran species able to withstand a hot and dry season by burrowing. The possible relationship between occurrence of seritocin and Actaptation to arid environment remains to be demonstrated. © Munksgaard 1995.
11 citations
TL;DR: Acetylsalicylic acid by itself has no effect on net water movement but clearly potentiates the response to oxytocin and to an increase in medium tonicity in toad urinary bladder, suggesting the control mechanism based on cellular osmolarity as previously described is operated via the liberation of prostaglandin E1.
11 citations