Topic
Toad
About: Toad is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1624 publications have been published within this topic receiving 28732 citations.
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TL;DR: The results suggest that the physiologic response of the toad bladder to aldosterone is related to the synthesis of both soluble and plasma membrane proteins.
7 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that Cl- transport by toad bladders may occur by exchange with HCO3- or OH-; this process may not require carbonic anhydrase or oxidative metabolism and is similar to a process which occurs in other portions of the nephron.
7 citations
TL;DR: Significant ACE activity was found in gut, gonads, lung and kidney, while that in heart, liver, skin, erythrocytes, muscle, and plasma was very low, and testis of toad contained the highest ACE activity.
Abstract: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is the dipeptidyl-carboxypeptidase of the renin-angiotensin system involved in the control of blood pressure and hydromineral metabolism. It converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, the biologically active octapeptide. Angiotensin converting enzyme-like activity has been demonstrated in a wide range of vertebrates. The presence of ACE was investigated in tissues of two amphibian species, the frog Rana esculenta and the toad Xenopus laevis. ACE activities were determined by specific substrate hydrolysis in gut, gonads, lung, kidney, heart, liver, skin, erythrocytes, and muscle homogenates and plasma by means of high performance liquid chromatography. Significant ACE activity was found in gut, gonads, lung and kidney, while that in heart, liver, skin, erythrocytes, muscle, and plasma was very low. Testis of toad contained the highest ACE activity, while that in erythrocytes of male and female frogs was notable.
7 citations
01 Jan 1948
TL;DR: Toads have two glands along their neck known as “parotid” glands, the size of which varies with the species, and these glands secrete a viscous liquid, termed toad poison or toad venom, which can also be obtained by pressing the glands.
Abstract: Toads have two glands along their neck known as “parotid” glands, the size of which varies with the species. Small similar glands are distributed in the skin. When the animal under certain conditions is excited, these glands secrete a viscous liquid, termed toad poison or toad venom. It can also be obtained by pressing the glands. The amount of venom produced varies with the size of the glands. Chen and Chen (2) have prepared from 15 mg. to 580 mg. per animal in twelve different species of toads. From Bufo paracnemis, one of the largest species known, we have obtained 1,2–1,4 g. Wieland and Behringer (67) have reported a difference in the amount of venom yielded by the animal depending on the sex. While from B. vulgaris males 31 mg. of fresh secretion was obtained, 64 mg. was produced by the females.
7 citations
Journal Article•
7 citations