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Toad
About: Toad is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1624 publications have been published within this topic receiving 28732 citations.
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TL;DR: An antibody to the 96 kD α-subunit of the Na+, K+ -ATPase from Bufo marinus has been used in immunostaining rat kidney and salivary glands, indicating that the antibody recognizes antigenic determinants of the sodium pump highly conserved in the course of evolution.
Abstract: An antibody to the 96 kD α-subunit of the Na+, K+ -ATPase from Bufo marinus has been used in immunostaining rat kidney and salivary glands. Intense staining was observed on basolateral membranes of distal tubules of the kidney and striated ducts of the three major salivary glands. Less intense staining was seen on the basolateral membranes of parotid acinar cells, but no staining was seen on the acinar cells of submandibular or sublingual glands. These sites of staining have been shown, by other methods, to posses substantial Na+, K+ -ATPase, indicating that the antibody recognizes antigenic determinants of the sodium pump highly conserved in the course of evolution. In addition, staining with this antibody was observed at the apical region of cells of the proximal straight tubule and of the papillary collecting duct in the kidney. Absorption studies suggest that the apical antigenic determinants are the same or closely related to each other but are distinct from basolateral antigenic determinants.
6 citations
TL;DR: Thyroxine injected into intact toads (B. spinulosus arencum) failed to increase the water permeability and oxygen uptake of the skin and bladder, although when added in vitro it caused clear cut increases in these parameters.
Abstract: SummaryThyroxine injected into intact toads (B. spinulosus arencum) failed to increase the water permeability and oxygen uptake of the skin and bladder, although when added in vitro it caused clear cut increases in these parameters. The hormone did, however, reduce the activity of the liver glutamic-pyruvic transaminase. This suggests that the failure of thyroxine, in vivo, to affect the metabolism and function of toad bladder or skin is not a result of end-organ unresponsiveness, but reflects some peculiarity of the metabolism or disposal of the hormone in vivo.
6 citations
TL;DR: Rana pipiens is 100 times more sensitive to ouabain than is Bufo marinus and this is also seen in Na transport in vitro.
6 citations
TL;DR: In the toad, stimulus-secretion coupling involves Ca2+ entry from the external medium, possibly through voltage-dependent channels, and monensin is a potent secretagogue and the mechanism by which the ensuing elevation of intracellular Na+ concentration might induce a secretory response remains to be determined.
6 citations
TL;DR: Results showed that ANF 99-126 added to the dermal side of the skin had no effect on basal Posm or SCC and were compatible with a modulatory function for ANF on several systems including those involved in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume.
Abstract: The atrial natriuretic peptide cardionatrin I (cardionatrin I is ANF 99-126) was used in studies directed to assess its effects on osmotic water permeability (Posm) and short-circuit current (SCC) in isolated toad skin. Results showed that ANF 99-126 (10(-7) M) added to the dermal side of the skin had no effect on basal Posm or SCC. However, ANF 99-126 (3.3 x 10(-8) M) was able to produce a 50% reversible inhibition of the maximal Posm response to angiotensin II (AII) (3.2 x 10(-8) M). These effects were seen when the skins were preincubated with ANF 99-126 for 10 min or less before the addition of AII. Longer preincubation appeared to inactivate ANF 99-126 through proteolysis. ANF 99-126(10(-7) M) failed to inhibit the SCC response to AII (10(-5) M) in toad skin. These results are compatible with a modulatory function for ANF on several systems including those involved in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume.
6 citations