Topic
Tobacco smoke
About: Tobacco smoke is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5157 publications have been published within this topic receiving 192329 citations. The topic is also known as: smoke & cigarette smoke.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: By focusing in this review on several important carcinogens in tobacco smoke, the complexities in understanding tobacco-induced cancer can be reduced, and new approaches for lung cancer prevention can be envisioned.
Abstract: The complexity of tobacco smoke leads to some confusion about the mechanisms by which it causes lung cancer. Among the multiple components of tobacco smoke, 20 carcinogens convincingly cause lung tumors in laboratory animals or humans and are, therefore, likely to be involved in lung cancer induction. Of these, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone are likely to play major roles. This review focuses on carcinogens in tobacco smoke as a means of simplifying and clarifying the relevant information that provides a mechanistic framework linking nicotine addiction with lung cancer through exposure to such compounds. Included is a discussion of the mechanisms by which tobacco smoke carcinogens interact with DNA and cause genetic changes--mechanisms that are reasonably well understood--and the less well defined relationship between exposure to specific tobacco smoke carcinogens and mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Molecular epidemiologic studies of gene-carcinogen interactions and lung cancer--an approach that has not yet reached its full potential--are also discussed, as are inhalation studies of tobacco smoke in laboratory animals and the potential role of free radicals and oxidative damage in tobacco-associated carcinogenesis. By focusing in this review on several important carcinogens in tobacco smoke, the complexities in understanding tobacco-induced cancer can be reduced, and new approaches for lung cancer prevention can be envisioned.
1,868 citations
National Institutes of Health1, Saint Louis University2, University of California, Berkeley3, United States Environmental Protection Agency4, University of Oxford5, Louisiana State University6, Fudan University7, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research8, Queen Mary University of London9, University of Minnesota10, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health11, University of Buenos Aires12, Johns Hopkins University13, Ohio State University14, American Cancer Society15, University of Paris16, University of Turin17, University of Southern California18, Russian Academy19
1,761 citations
01 Jan 2010
1,442 citations
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a comprehensive, scientific discussion of how mainstream and second-hand smoke exposures damage the human body and how tobacco smoke causes disease, and identify specific mechanisms of smoking related diseases.
Abstract: In 1964, the Surgeon General released a landmark report on the dangers of smoking. During the intervening 45 years, 29 Surgeon General’s reports have documented the overwhelming and conclusive biologic, epidemiologic, behavioral, and pharmacologic evidence that tobacco use is deadly. Our newest report, How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease, is a comprehensive, scientific discussion of how mainstream and secondhand smoke exposures damage the human body. Decades of research have enabled scientists to identify the specific mechanisms of smoking-related diseases and to characterize them in great detail. Those biologic processes of cigarette smoke and disease are the focus of this report.
1,268 citations
Book•
08 Mar 1994TL;DR: In the United States, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women even though an extensive list of risk factors has been well-characterized as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In the United States, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women even though an extensive list of risk factors has been well-characterized. Far and away the most important cause of lung cancer is exposure to tobacco smoke through active or passive smoking. The reductions in smoking prevalence in men that occurred in the late 1960s through the 1980s will continue to drive the lung cancer mortality rates downward in men during the first portion of this century. This favorable trend will not persist unless further reductions in smoking prevalence are achieved.
1,057 citations