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Total external reflection

About: Total external reflection is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 829 publications have been published within this topic receiving 22213 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A finite difference simulation of a causally excited electromagnetic Gaussian beam incident on an interface between free space and a physically realizable negative refractive index material shows that negative refraction of finite beams does occur as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A finite difference simulation of a causally excited electromagnetic Gaussian beam incident on an interface between free space and a physically realizable negative refractive index material shows that negative refraction of finite beams does occur. A discontinuity in the phase normal direction is established very quickly when the beam front reaches the interface of positive and negative index materials. Once the beam enters the negative index material, the causal wave-front propates with the group velocity consistent with theory. During the transient portion of the beam development, the beam undergoes small direction changes, which can be explained as a consequence of higher frequencies present during the beam turn-on. After this transient, the theoretically predicted sinusoidal steady state is reached.

38 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the powder-like orientation of lamellar domains in thin films of the diblock copolymer polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) was investigated using grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and grazing incidence smallangle neutron scattering(GISANS).
Abstract: The powder-like orientation of lamellar domains in thin films of the diblock copolymer polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) is investigated using grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and grazing-incidence small-angle neutron scattering (GISANS). Conventional monochromatic GISANS and GISAXS measurements are compared with neutron time-of-flight GISANS. For angles of incidence and exit larger than the critical angle of total external reflection of the polymer, Debye–Scherrer rings are observed. The position of the Debye–Scherrer rings is described quantitatively based on a reduced version of the distorted-wave Born approximation. A strong distortion of the ring shape is caused by refraction and reflections from the film interfaces. Close to the critical angle, the ring shape collapses into a banana shape.

38 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, x-ray diffraction measurements from GaAs surface gratings are performed using a three-crystal diffractometer and compared with model calculations based on a dynamical scattering theory.
Abstract: In this work x-ray-diffraction measurements from GaAs surface gratings are presented. The experiments were performed using a three-crystal diffractometer. Measurements in the region of total external reflection (small incidence angles) for five samples were done and compared with model calculations based on a dynamical scattering theory. The theory is able to explain all experiments quantitatively. Mesoscopic grating parameters as well as microscopic surface roughnesses of the samples were obtained from fits of the data. For three samples scanning-electron-microscope pictures were taken. The analysis of these pictures leads to the same mesoscopic parameters as obtained from x-ray diffraction.

38 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the surface morphology of different dewetting states of thin polymer films (polystyrene) on top of silicon substrates was investigated with diffuse X-ray scattering in the region of total external reflection.
Abstract: The surface morphology of different dewetting states of thin polymer films (polystyrene) on top of silicon substrates was investigated. With diffuse X-ray scattering in the region of total external reflection a high in-plane resolution was achieved. We observe a new nano-dewetting structure which coexists with the well known mesoscopic dewetting structures of holes, cellular pattern and drops. This nano-dewetting structure consists of small dimples with a diameter in the nanometer range. It results from the dewetting of a remaining ultra-thin polymer layer and can be explained with theoretical predictions of spinodal decomposition. The experimental results of the scattering study are confirmed with scanning-force microscopy measurements.

37 citations

Patent
19 Feb 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for testing a surface includes finding respective first and second critical angles for total external reflection of radiation from an area of the surface at first andsecond wavelengths.
Abstract: A method for testing a surface includes finding respective first and second critical angles for total external reflection of radiation from an area of the surface at first and second wavelengths. The first and second critical angles are compared to determine an orientation of a tangent to the surface in the area.

37 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20224
20214
20206
20198
20189
201710