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Total external reflection

About: Total external reflection is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 829 publications have been published within this topic receiving 22213 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
22 Aug 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, the power splitting properties of metallic photonic crystal waveguides are investigated, where the mechanism of propagation is the total external reflection, and some splitters based on these structures are analyzed by an efficient frequency domain finite element approach.
Abstract: The power splitting properties of metallic photonic crystal waveguides, where the mechanism of propagation is the total external reflection, are investigated. These waveguides are composed by an air core surrounded by a cladding formed by a periodic arrangement of metallic wires on square or triangular lattices. Power splitters can be achieved by modifying the geometry at the splitting region by introducing a reflecting structure in order to increase the transmission coefficient; some splitters based on these structures are analyzed by an efficient frequency domain finite element approach. The proposed concept may open the possibility to design more sophisticated devices based on these waveguides and splitters.

16 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that although the kinematic properties of light at an interface between two media are consistent with this index definition, in some cases the dynamic properties are not.
Abstract: The reflection and refraction properties of light at an interface between two media are usually classified as kinematic and dynamic. Both are determined by the refractive indices of the media. The kinematic properties refer to the direction of light propagation, whereas the dynamic properties refer to the polarization, magnitude, and phase changes of the reflected and refracted waves. Metamaterials and photonic crystals are often assigned an effective refractive index defined by their dispersion curves. This work shows for the first time, to our knowledge, that although the kinematic properties are consistent with this index definition, in some cases the dynamic properties are not. This observation has important implications for photonic crystal understanding and design because it shows that their rich physical phenomena cannot always be simplified to a description in terms of an effective refractive index.

16 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the view that a light beam makes a detour through the thinner medium must be modified, where a fraction of the incident light is diverted into the associated inhomogeneous wave, which rejoins on the other side at the outgoing beam.
Abstract: The view that, during total reflection, a light beam makes a detour through the thinner medium must be modified. At one side of the reflection, a fraction of the incident light is diverted into the associated inhomogeneous wave in the thinner medium, which rejoins on the other side at the outgoing beam. In the field undergoing total reflection, in which the incident and reflected wave beams are characterized by their intensity minima, circulating waves appear. These latter waves are areas where the time-averaged energy flow circulates in closed streamlines.

16 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate that a conventional source combined with a polycapillary semi-lens can provide a quasi-parallel beam intense enough for desktop TXRF analysis of low concentration samples.

16 citations

Patent
20 Dec 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, an optical sensor is made of light transmissive material and has luminescent particles distributed throughout its volume, which are excited by a suitable type of energy, preferably light.
Abstract: An optical sensor is made of light transmissive material and has luminescent particles distributed throughout its volume. The luminescent particles are excited by a suitable type of energy, preferably light. As they return to their original state, they emit light uniformly in all directions. Depending upon the relationship of the index of refraction of the sensor body material to that of a test medium abutting a boundary surface of the sensor body, part of the luminescent light is reflected, the remainder passing into the test medium with a change in direction (refraction). When the test medium is optically less dense than the sensor medium luminescent light incident on the boundary surface at an angle exceeding the critical angle undergoes total reflection. For an elongated sensor body, this totally reflected part is transmitted to the end faces of the sensor, where its intensity constitutes a desired measure of a physical quantity. The sensor is effective for any physical characteristic which can change the index of refraction of the surrounding medium or that of the sensor itself. In addition, the quantity of totally reflected light can be varied also by changing the quantity of primary light applied to the sensor. Possible applications of a sensor of this type include measurements of liquid level in a container, the measurement of concentrations of a given component in a solution, temperature and pressure measurements of gases, monitoring of the boiling point of a liquid at very low temperatures, measurements of humidity, and a variety of position and length measurements. The sensor can also be used as a unit in a keyboard.

16 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20224
20214
20206
20198
20189
201710