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Total internal reflection

About: Total internal reflection is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 12520 publications have been published within this topic receiving 197474 citations. The topic is also known as: Total reflection.


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Patent
26 Sep 2003
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a semiconductor light emitting device including a substrate, and at least a first semiconductor layer, an active layer and a second semiconducting layer that are sequentially provided on the substrate.
Abstract: The refractive index of the material for forming a light emitting element, example of the material including a group III Nitride Compound Semiconductor, is relatively higher than that of air; therefore, in order to emit, into air, light generated in an active layer in conventional semiconductor light emitting devices, it is indispensable that its incidence angle from their semiconductor layer into the air is the critical angle of total reflection or less. If the incidence angle is more than the critical angle of total reflection, the light cannot go out into the air, and is totally reflected. In order to solve the problem, the invention is a semiconductor light emitting device including a substrate, and at least a first semiconductor layer, an active layer and a second semiconductor layer that are sequentially provided on the substrate, wherein the second semiconductor layer has a polarity different from that of the first semiconductor layer, and the total area of the first semiconductor layer, the active layer and the second semiconductor layer in side faces where the active layer is uncovered is 5% or more of the area of the upper face which is uncovered at the side of the second semiconductor layer.

753 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Continuous-wave phase conjugation of an image-bearing beam is demonstrated using a single-domain crystal of BaTiO(3) and nothing else and has a phase-conjugate reflectivity of 30%.
Abstract: Continuous-wave phase conjugation of an image-bearing beam is demonstrated using a single-domain crystal of BaTiO(3) and nothing else. The device operates by four-wave mixing using the photorefractive effect but without any external pumping beams or external mirrors. The customary pumping beams are derived from the incident beam and are internally reflected inside the crystal adjacent to an edge. The device is self-starting and has a phase-conjugate reflectivity of 30%. Imaging applications are discussed.

698 citations

Journal Article
01 Jan 2010-Physics
TL;DR: The experimental realization and theoretical understanding of a membrane-type acoustic metamaterial with very simple construct, capable of breaking the mass density law of sound attenuation in the 100-1000 Hz regime by a significant margin are presented.
Abstract: We present the experimental realization and theoretical explanation of a membrane-type acoustic metamaterial of very simple structure,capable of breaking the mass density law of sound attenuation in the 100—1000Hz regime by a significant margin(~200 times).Due to the membrane's weak elastic moduli,low frequency oscillation patterns can be found even in a small elastic film with fixed boundaries defined by a rigid grid.The vibrational eigenfrequencies can be tuned by placing a small mass at the center of the membrane sample.Near-total reflection is achieved at a frequency in between two eigenmodes where the in-plane average of the normal displacement is zero.By using finite element simulations,a negative dynamic mass is explicitly demonstrated at frequencies around the total reflection frequency.Excellent agreement between theory and experiment is obtained.We also show that the present mechanism can explain the phenomenon of total microwave transmission through subwavelength slits in metallic fractals,at frequencies intermediate between two local resonances.

696 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel silicon waveguide structure for guiding and confining light in nanometer-wide low-refractive-index material is experimentally demonstrated and it is shown that the structure can be implemented in highly integrated photonics.
Abstract: We experimentally demonstrate a novel silicon waveguide structure for guiding and confining light in nanometer-wide low-refractive-index material. The optical field in the low-index material is enhanced because of the discontinuity of the electric field at high-index-contrast interfaces. We measure a 30% reduction of the effective index of light propagating in the novel structure due to the presence of the nanometer-wide low-index region, evidencing the guiding and confinement of light in the low-index material. We fabricate ring resonators based on the structure and show that the structure can be implemented in highly integrated photonics.

678 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the mean square electric fields induced by plane electromagnetic radiation in a two-phase, three-phase and N-phase stratified medium are derived, and the energy absorption process is discussed.
Abstract: Explicit formulas are derived for the mean-square electric fields induced by plane electromagnetic radiation in a two-phase, three-phase, and N-phase stratified medium. The first (incident) and last phases are semi-infinite in extent. Boundaries separating phases are plane and parallel. Phases are isotropic with arbitrary optical constants. Simple relationships follow for special cases such as at the critical angle for a two-phase system. Equations for reflectance, transmittance, and phase changes on reflectance and transmittance are given. Details are given concerning the energy absorption process, especially in the two- and three-layer cases. Equations for the N-layer case are in terms of characteristic matrices which can be readily programmed for a computer.

664 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202353
2022122
2021190
2020305
2019348
2018338