Topic
Toxicity
About: Toxicity is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 24530 publications have been published within this topic receiving 631315 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: It is determined that a single injection of rhIL-12 2 weeks before consecutive dosing included in the Phase 1 study, but not in the schedule of administration in thephase 2 study, has a profound abrogating effect on IL-12–induced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production and toxicity.
759 citations
••
TL;DR: The toxicity of TiO2 NPs to the main body systems of rainbow trout is described to conclude that titanium dioxide nanoparticles are not a major ionoregulatory toxicant, or haemolytic, at the concentration and exposure times used.
747 citations
••
TL;DR: The ecotoxicity of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid has been evaluated using acute Daphnia and algal tests and could be accurately predicted using the concept of concentration addition.
744 citations
••
TL;DR: Comparisons of in vivo and in vitro measurements demonstrated little correlation, particularly when considering many of the variables assessed in this study-such as cell types to be utilized, culture conditions and time course of exposure, as well as measured end points.
732 citations
••
TL;DR: Repeat administration of Mn, or compounds that readily release Mn, may increase the risk of Mn‐induced toxicity, and chelation therapy with EDTA and supplementation with levodopa are the current treatment options.
Abstract: Manganese (Mn) is a required element and a metabolic byproduct of the contrast agent mangafodipir trisodium (MnDPDP). The Mn released from MnDPDP is initially sequestered by the liver for first-pass elimination, which allows an enhanced contrast for diagnostic imaging. The administration of intravenous Mn impacts its homeostatic balance in the human body and can lead to toxicity. Human Mn deficiency has been reported in patients on parenteral nutrition and in micronutrient studies. Mn toxicity has been reported through occupational (e.g. welder) and dietary overexposure and is evidenced primarily in the central nervous system, although lung, cardiac, liver, reproductive and fetal toxicity have been noted. Mn neurotoxicity results from an accumulation of the metal in brain tissue and results in a progressive disorder of the extrapyramidal system which is similar to Parkinson's disease. In order for Mn to distribute from blood into brain tissue, it must cross either the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB). Brain import, with no evidence of export, would lead to brain Mn accumulation and neurotoxicity. The mechanism for the neurodegenerative damage specific to select brain regions is not clearly understood. Disturbances in iron homeostasis and the valence state of Mn have been implicated as key factors in contributing to Mn toxicity. Chelation therapy with EDTA and supplementation with levodopa are the current treatment options, which are mildly and transiently efficacious. In conclusion, repeated administration of Mn, or compounds that readily release Mn, may increase the risk of Mn-induced toxicity.
710 citations