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Traffic collision avoidance system

About: Traffic collision avoidance system is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 523 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6620 citations. The topic is also known as: traffic alert and collision avoidance system.


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01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: TCAS is one component of a multi-layered defense against mid-air collisions, and illustrates the particular challenge of developing effective decision aids for use in emergency situations involving extreme time pressure.
Abstract: VOLUME 16, NUMBER 2, 2007 LINCOLN LABORATORY JOURNAL 277 tinuously on a jet transport aircraft in today’s environment could expect to survive more than 11,000 years of travel before becoming the victim of a mid-air collision. This accomplishment has only recently been realized. As shown in Figure 1, the number of hours flown annually by jet transport aircraft has more than quadrupled since 1970, but the rate of mid-air collisions over that period of time has dropped by an order of magnitude. The result is that today we can expect one mid-air collision every 100 million flight hours. Such an exceptional safety level was achieved through advances in air traffic surveillance technology and relentless attention to improving operational procedures. But as the September 2006 mid-air collision between a Boeing 737 and an Embraer Legacy 600 business jet over the Amazon jungle in Brazil demonstrates, maintaining safety is an ever present challenge. This challenge has been eased, but not eliminated, with the development and deployment of TCAS. TCAS is one component of a multi-layered defense against mid-air collisions. The structure of airspace and A collision between aircraft is one of the most sudden and catastrophic transportation accidents imaginable. These tragic events are rarely survivable—hundreds of people may die as the two aircraft are destroyed. In response to this threat, Lincoln Laboratory has been pursuing surveillance and alerting system technologies to protect aircraft operations both on the ground and in the air. Recent developments in the Runway Status Lights Program, for example, greatly reduce airport-surface collision risk due to runway incursions [1]. In the air, other systems have been developed and are currently in use to prevent midair collisions. This article focuses on the widely fielded, crucial technology called the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). In the context of integrated sensing and decision support, TCAS illustrates the particular challenge of developing effective decision aids for use in emergency situations involving extreme time pressure. Despite the terrifying prospect of a mid-air collision, aviation travel is incredibly safe. A person who flew conThe Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System

189 citations

01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: The Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TACSA) as discussed by the authors is an onboard collision avoidance system for large aircraft that has significantly improved the safety of air travel, but major changes to the airspace planned over the coming years will require substantial modification to the system.
Abstract: : In response to a series of midair collisions involving commercial airliners, Lincoln Laboratory was directed by the Federal Aviation Administration in the 1970s to participate in the development of an onboard collision avoidance system. In its current manifestation, the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System is mandated worldwide on all large aircraft and has significantly improved the safety of air travel, but major changes to the airspace planned over the coming years will require substantial modification to the system. Recently, Lincoln Laboratory has been pioneering the development of a new approach to collision avoidance systems that completely rethink show such systems are engineered, allowing the system to provide a higher degree of safety without interfering with normal, safe operations.

167 citations

Patent
My Tran1
07 Apr 2000
TL;DR: In this article, a mid-air collision avoidance system (MCAS) employs an existing design of Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) as a module and seamlessly integrates it with a customized tactical module, which is capable of providing unique tactical avoidance guidance control and display.
Abstract: A midair collision avoidance system (MCAS) employs an existing design of Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) as a module (20) and seamlessly integrates it with a customized tactical module (22) which is capable of providing unique tactical avoidance guidance control and display. The tactical module handles all phases of a tactical mission, including formation flight (62) (e.g., formation fall-in, arming formation flight, engaging formation flight following, and formation break-away), and an air-refueling sequence (64) (e.g., rendezvous, link-up, re-fueling, and disengaging air-refueling). The tactical module divides the air space around the aircraft into advisory (84), caution (82), and warning (80) zones and for each provides display, tone and voice alerts to facilitate pop-up avoidance guidance commands. Military aircraft can thus effectively avoid mid air and near mid air colision situations in all three different operation modes: air traffic control (ATC) management mode, tactical mode, and a mixed mode.

162 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A methodology for encounter model construction based on a Bayesian statistical framework connected to an extensive set of national radar data is described and examples of using several such high-fidelity models to evaluate the safety of collision avoidance systems for manned and unmanned aircraft are provided.
Abstract: Airspace encounter models, providing a statistical representation of geometries and aircraft behavior during a close encounter, are required to estimate the safety and robustness of collision avoidance systems. Prior encounter models, developed to certify the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System, have been limited in their ability to capture important characteristics of encounters as revealed by recorded surveillance data, do not capture the current mix of aircraft types or noncooperative aircraft, and do not represent more recent airspace procedures. This paper describes a methodology for encounter model construction based on a Bayesian statistical framework connected to an extensive set of national radar data. In addition, this paper provides examples of using several such high-fidelity models to evaluate the safety of collision avoidance systems for manned and unmanned aircraft.

150 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This simulator-based study examined conventional auditory warnings and auditory icons alone and in combination with a dash-mounted visual display, to present information about impending collision situations to commercial motor vehicle operators.
Abstract: This simulator-based study examined conventional auditory warnings (tonal, nonverbal sounds) and auditory icons (representational, nonverbal sounds), alone and in combination with a dash-mounted visual display, to present information about impending collision situations to commercial motor vehicle operators. Brake response times were measured for impending front-to-rear collision scenarios under 6 display configurations, 2 vehicle speeds, and 2 levels of headway. Accident occurrence was measured for impending side collision scenarios under 2 vehicle speeds, 2 levels of visual workload, 2 auditory displays, absence/presence of mirrors, and absence/presence of a dash-mounted iconic visual display. For both front-to-rear and side collision scenarios, auditory icons elicited significantly improved driver performance over conventional auditory warnings. Driver performance improved when collision warning information was presented through multiple modalities. Brake response times were significantly faster for impending front-to-rear collision scenarios using the longer headway condition. The presence of mirrors significantly reduced the number of accidents for impending side collision scenarios. Subjective preference data indicated that participants preferred multimodal displays over single-modality displays. Actual or potential applications for this research include auditory displays and warnings, information presentation, and the development of alternative user interfaces.

142 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20214
202014
201913
201821
201719
201624