Topic
Traffic simulation
About: Traffic simulation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 6211 publications have been published within this topic receiving 95004 citations.
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TL;DR: A new car-following model is proposed that also serves as the basis of an ACC implementation in real cars and eliminates the sometimes unrealistic behaviour of the IDM in cut-in situations with ensuing small gaps that regularly are caused by lane changes of other vehicles in dense or congested traffic.
Abstract: With an increasing number of vehicles equipped with adaptive cruise control (ACC), the impact of such vehicles on the collective dynamics of traffic flow becomes relevant. By means of simulation, we investigate the influence of variable percentages of ACC vehicles on traffic flow characteristics. For simulating the ACC vehicles, we propose a new car-following model that also serves as the basis of an ACC implementation in real cars. The model is based on the intelligent driver model (IDM) and inherits its intuitive behavioural parameters: desired velocity, acceleration, comfortable deceleration and desired minimum time headway. It eliminates, however, the sometimes unrealistic behaviour of the IDM in cut-in situations with ensuing small gaps that regularly are caused by lane changes of other vehicles in dense or congested traffic. We simulate the influence of different ACC strategies on the maximum capacity before breakdown and the (dynamic) bottleneck capacity after breakdown. With a suitable strategy, we find sensitivities of the order of 0.3, i.e. 1 per cent more ACC vehicles will lead to an increase in the capacities by about 0.3 per cent. This sensitivity multiplies when considering travel times at actual breakdowns.
696 citations
TL;DR: An FHWA-sponsored research project investigated the potential to derive surrogate measures of safety from existing traffic simulation models, which could then be used to support evaluations of various traffic engineering alternatives, including facilities that have not yet been built and strategies that haveNot yet been used.
Abstract: Safety is emerging as an area of increased attention and awareness within transportation engineering. Historically, the safety of new and innovative traffic treatments has been difficult to assess, primarily because of a lack of good predictive models of crash potential and a lack of consensus on what constitutes a safe or unsafe facility. An FHWA-sponsored research project investigated the potential to derive surrogate measures of safety from existing traffic simulation models. These surrogate measures could then be used to support evaluations of various traffic engineering alternatives, including facilities that have not yet been built and strategies that have not yet been used. Each surrogate measure is collected on the basis of the occurrence of a conflict event, which is an interaction between two vehicles in which one vehicle must take evasive action to avoid a collision. The surrogate measures that are proposed as the best are time to collision, postencroachment time, deceleration rate, maximum spe...
657 citations
TL;DR: Real-time traffic-adaptive signal control system referred to as RHODES takes as input detector data for real-time measurement of traffic flow, and “optimally” controls the flow through the network.
Abstract: The paper discusses a real-time traffic-adaptive signal control system referred to as RHODES. The system takes as input detector data for real-time measurement of traffic flow, and “optimally” controls the flow through the network. The system utilizes a control architecture that (1) decomposes the traffic control problem into several subproblems that are interconnected in an hierarchical fashion, (2) predicts traffic flows at appropriate resolution levels (individual vehicles and platoons) to enable pro-active control, (3) allows various optimization modules for solving the hierarchical subproblems, and (4) utilizes a data structure and computer/communication approaches that allow for fast solution of the subproblems, so that each decision can be downloaded in the field appropriately within the given rolling time horizon of the corresponding subproblem. The RHODES architecture, algorithms, and its analysis are presented. Laboratory test results, based on implementation of RHODES on simulation models of actual scenarios, illustrate the effectiveness of the system.
639 citations
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: This work introduces yet another system which, in contrast to most of the other simulation software packages, is available as on open-source programm and may be extended in order to fit a researcher´s own needs and also be used as a reference testbed for new traffic models.
Abstract: As no exact model of traffic flow exists due to its high complexity and chaotic organisation, researchers mainly try to predict traffic using simulations. Within this field, many simulation packages exist and differ in their software architecture paradigm as well as in the models that describe traffic itself. We will introduce yet another system which, in contrast to most of the other simulation software packages, is available as on open-source programm and may therfore be extended in order to fit a researcher´s own needs and also be used as a reference testbed for new traffic models.
603 citations
Book•
11 Oct 2012
TL;DR: This instructional guide describes the use of simulation and mathematical models in determining traffic flow dynamics and presents various mathematical models including: continuity equations, the Lighthill–Whitham–Richards Model, macroscopic models, car-following models, lane-changing models, stability analysis, and phase diagrams.
Abstract: Introduction.- Part I Traffic Data: Trajectroy and Floating-Car Data.- Cross-Sectional Data.- Representations of Cross-Sectional Data.- Spatiotemporal Reconstruction of the Traffic State.- Part II Traffic Flow Modeling: General Aspects.- Continuity Equation.- The Lighthill-Whitham-Richards Model.- Macroscopic Models with Dynamic Velocity.- Elementary Car-Following Models.- Car-Following Models based on Driving Strategies.- Modeling Human Aspects of Driving Behavior.- Cellular Automata.- Lane-Changing and other Discrete-Choice Situations.- Stability Analysis.- Calibration and Validation.- The Phase Diagram of Congested Traffic States.- Part III Applications of Traffic Flow Theory: Traffic Flow Breakdown and Traffic-State Recognition.- Travel Time Estimation.- Fuel Consumption and Emissions.- Model-Based Traffic-Flow Optimization.- Solutions to the Problems.
590 citations