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Transcription (biology)

About: Transcription (biology) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 56532 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2952782 citations. The topic is also known as: genetic transcription & transcription, genetic.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that mTOR is required for the rapid and sustained serum-induced activation of 45S ribosomal gene transcription (rDNA transcription), a major rate-limiting step in ribosome biogenesis and cellular growth.
Abstract: Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of cell growth acting via two independent targets, ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and 4EBP1. While each is known to regulate translational efficiency, the mechanism by which they control cell growth remains unclear. In addition to increased initiation of translation, the accelerated synthesis and accumulation of ribosomes are fundamental for efficient cell growth and proliferation. Using the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, we show that mTOR is required for the rapid and sustained serum-induced activation of 45S ribosomal gene transcription (rDNA transcription), a major rate-limiting step in ribosome biogenesis and cellular growth. Expression of a constitutively active, rapamycin-insensitive mutant of S6K1 stimulated rDNA transcription in the absence of serum and rescued rapamycin repression of rDNA transcription. Moreover, overexpression of a dominant-negative S6K1 mutant repressed transcription in exponentially growing NIH 3T3 cells. Rapamycin treatment led to a rapid dephosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal activation domain of the rDNA transcription factor, UBF, which significantly reduced its ability to associate with the basal rDNA transcription factor SL-1. Rapamycin-mediated repression of rDNA transcription was rescued by purified recombinant phosphorylated UBF and endogenous UBF from exponentially growing NIH 3T3 cells but not by hypophosphorylated UBF from cells treated with rapamycin or dephosphorylated recombinant UBF. Thus, mTOR plays a critical role in the regulation of ribosome biogenesis via a mechanism that requires S6K1 activation and phosphorylation of UBF.

447 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicate that BC-1 cells have detectable transcription of a number of KSHV genes, particularly nonconserved genes involved in cellular signal transduction and regulation, during noninduced (latent) virus culture.
Abstract: Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) gene transcription in the BC-1 cell line (KSHV and Epstein-Barr virus coinfected) was examined by using Northern analysis with DNA probes extending across the viral genome except for a 3-kb unclonable rightmost region. Three broad classes of viral gene transcription have been identified. Class I genes, such as those encoding the v-cyclin, latency-associated nuclear antigen, and v-FLIP, are constitutively transcribed under standard growth conditions, are unaffected by tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) induction, and presumably represent latent viral transcripts. Class II genes are primarily clustered in nonconserved regions of the genome and include small polyadenylated RNAs (T0.7 and T1.1) as well as most of the virus-encoded cytokines and signal transduction genes. Class II genes are transcribed without TPA treatment but are induced to higher transcription levels by TPA treatment. Class III genes are primarily structural and replication genes that are transcribed only following TPA treatment and are presumably responsible for lytic virion production. These results indicate that BC-1 cells have detectable transcription of a number of KSHV genes, particularly nonconserved genes involved in cellular signal transduction and regulation, during noninduced (latent) virus culture.

447 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
13 May 2011-Cell
TL;DR: The immediate effects of estrogen signaling on the transcriptome of breast cancer cells using global run-on and sequencing (GRO-seq) are reported and a large number of previously undetected estrogen-regulated intergenic transcripts are identified.

447 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
12 Aug 1988-Cell
TL;DR: It is shown that one of the fos-associated proteins, p39, is immunologically and structurally related to nuclear factor AP-1, and the sequence TGACTCA, which is the consensus minimal binding site of AP- 1, is also recognized by gel-purified p39.

447 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
26 Jan 2001-Cell
TL;DR: It is concluded that mutations in RMRP cause CHH by disrupting a function of RNase MRP RNA that affects multiple organ systems.

446 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20229
20211,730
20201,721
20191,686
20181,571
20171,465