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Transcription (biology)

About: Transcription (biology) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 56532 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2952782 citations. The topic is also known as: genetic transcription & transcription, genetic.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a yeast protein interaction screen with tobacco TGA2.2 as bait and an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA prey library was performed and led to the identification of a member of the glutaredoxin family (GRX480, encoded by At1g28480).
Abstract: †‡ § – Summary Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant signaling molecule that mediates the induction of defense responses upon attack by a variety of pathogens. Moreover, it antagonizes gene induction by the stress signaling molecule jasmonic acid (JA). Several SA-responsive genes are regulated by basic/leucine zipper-type transcription factors of the TGA family. TGA factors interact with NPR1, a central regulator of many SA-induced defense responses including SA/JA antagonism. In order to identify further regulatory proteins of SA-dependent signaling pathways, a yeast protein interaction screen with tobacco TGA2.2 as bait and an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA prey library was performed and led to the identification of a member of the glutaredoxin family (GRX480, encoded by At1g28480). Glutaredoxins are candidates for mediating redox regulation of proteins because of their capacity to catalyze disulfide transitions. This agrees with previous findings that the redox state of both TGA1 and NPR1 changes under inducing conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants ectopically expressing GRX480 show near wild-type expression of standard marker genes for SA- and xenobiotic-inducible responses. In contrast, transcription of the JA-dependent defensin gene PDF1.2 was antagonized by transgenic GRX480. This, together with the observation that GRX480 transcription is SA-inducible and requires NPR1, suggests a role of GRX480 in SA/JA cross-talk. Suppression of PDF1.2 by GRX480 depends on the presence of TGA factors, indicating that the GRX480/TGA interaction is effective in planta.

410 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new phosphorylation mark both expands the CTD code and provides the first example of a CTD signal read in a gene type-specific manner, which contributes to transcription and coordinate RNA processing.

410 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
15 Jan 2010-Science
TL;DR: This work developed methods to isolate and characterize short RNAs derived from stalled RNA polymerase II in Drosophila cells, indicating that promoter-proximal stalling is a general feature of early polymerase elongation.
Abstract: Emerging evidence indicates that gene expression in higher organisms is regulated by RNA polymerase II stalling during early transcription elongation. To probe the mechanisms responsible for this regulation, we developed methods to isolate and characterize short RNAs derived from stalled RNA polymerase II in Drosophila cells. Significant levels of these short RNAs were generated from more than one-third of all genes, indicating that promoter-proximal stalling is a general feature of early polymerase elongation. Nucleotide composition of the initially transcribed sequence played an important role in promoting transcriptional stalling by rendering polymerase elongation complexes highly susceptible to backtracking and arrest. These results indicate that the intrinsic efficiency of early elongation can greatly affect gene expression.

409 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work reports a route by which activated PKB promotes survival in response to DNA insults in vivo, and places PKB downstream of DNA-PK in the DNA damage response signaling cascade, where it provides a prosurvival signal.

409 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The kinetics of HSP70 gene transcription paralleled the rapid appearance of stress-induced HSE-binding activity, and the DNA contacts of the control and stress- induced Hse-binding activities deduced by methylation interference were similar but not identical.
Abstract: Activation of human heat shock gene transcription by heat shock, heavy metal ions, and amino acid analogs required the heat shock element (HSE) in the HSP70 promoter. Both heat shock- and metal ion-induced HSP70 gene transcription occurred independently of protein synthesis, whereas induction by amino acid analogs required protein synthesis. We identified a HSE-binding activity from control cells which was easily distinguished by a gel mobility shift assay from the stress-induced HSE-binding activity which appeared following heat shock or chemically induced stress. The kinetics of HSP70 gene transcription paralleled the rapid appearance of stress-induced HSE-binding activity. During recovery from heat shock, both the rate of HSP70 gene transcription and stress-induced HSE-binding activity levels declined and the control HSE-binding activity reappeared. The DNA contacts of the control and stress-induced HSE-binding activities deduced by methylation interference were similar but not identical. While stable complexes with HSE were formed with extracts from both control and stressed cells in vitro at 25 degrees C, only the stress-induced complex was detected when binding reactions were performed at elevated temperatures.

409 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20229
20211,730
20201,721
20191,686
20181,571
20171,465