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Transcription (biology)

About: Transcription (biology) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 56532 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2952782 citations. The topic is also known as: genetic transcription & transcription, genetic.


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Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 2003-Nature
TL;DR: The role of an expressed pseudogene—regulation of messenger-RNA stability—in a transgene-insertion mouse mutant exhibiting polycystic kidneys and bone deformity is reported and point to the functional significance of non-coding RNAs.
Abstract: A pseudogene is a gene copy that does not produce a functional, full-length protein. The human genome is estimated to contain up to 20,000 pseudogenes. Although much effort has been devoted to understanding the function of pseudogenes, their biological roles remain largely unknown. Here we report the role of an expressed pseudogene-regulation of messenger-RNA stability-in a transgene-insertion mouse mutant exhibiting polycystic kidneys and bone deformity. The transgene was integrated into the vicinity of the expressing pseudogene of Makorin1, called Makorin1-p1. This insertion reduced transcription of Makorin1-p1, resulting in destabilization of Makorin1 mRNA in trans by way of a cis-acting RNA decay element within the 5' region of Makorin1 that is homologous between Makorin1 and Makorin1-p1. Either Makorin1 or Makorin1-p1 transgenes could rescue these phenotypes. Our findings demonstrate a specific regulatory role of an expressed pseudogene, and point to the functional significance of non-coding RNAs.

397 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: VA RNAs are common to alladenoviruses studied todate, but most work has beencentrated on the groupC adenovirus types2and5(Ad2and AdS), upon which this review will necessarily focus.
Abstract: Theadenovirus genome istranscribed bytwoRNA polymerases furnished bythehostcell. RNA polymerase II transcribes bothstrands oftheviral DNA over nearly allof itslength, andtheresultant mRNAs encode more than50 viral proteins. RNA polymerase IIItranscribes lessthan1% oftheviral genome, giving rise to one or two species (depending on thevirus serotype) ofshort, noncoding RNAs (44, 59). ThisRNA was namedvirus-associated (VA)RNA whenits origin fromtheviral genome was still uncertain (45). Eventhough VA RNA was detected ininfected cells asearly as1966, itsrole intranslational control andincounteracting hostantiviral defenses onlybecameapparentinthe1980s andthedetails ofitsaction remain thesubject ofactive investigation. VA RNAs are common toalladenoviruses studied todate, butmostworkhasconcentrated on the groupC adenoviruses, adenovirus types2and5(Ad2and AdS), upon whichthis review will necessarily focus.

397 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
21 May 1998-Nature
TL;DR: The identification of the internal ribosomal-entry site, which allows the entry of ribosomes into viral mRNA independently of the 5′ mRNA end, has been solved and it is shown that VPg can be uridylylated by the poliovirus RNA polymerase 3Dpol.
Abstract: A small protein, VPg, is covalently linked to the 5′ end of the plus-stranded poliovirus genomic RNA1,2,3. Poliovirus messenger RNA, identical in nucleotide sequence to genomic RNA, is not capped at its 5′ end by the methylated structure that is common to most eukaryotic mRNAs. These discoveries presented two problems. First, as cap structures are usually required for translation of mRNA into protein, how does this uncapped viral RNA act as a template for translation? Second, what is the function of VPg? The identification of the internal ribosomal-entry site, which allows the entry of ribosomes into viral mRNA independently of the 5′ mRNA end, has solved the first conundrum4,5,6. Here we describe the resolution of the second problem. VPg is linked to the genomic RNA through the 5′-terminal uridylic acid of the RNA. We show that VPg can be uridylylated by the poliovirus RNA polymerase 3Dpol. Uridylylated VPg can then prime the transcription of polyadenylate RNA by 3Dpol to produce VPg-linked poly(U). Initiation of transcription of the poliovirus genome from the polyadenylated 3′ end therefore depends on VPg.

396 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Mutations in the gene ced-4 block almost all of the programmed cell deaths that normally occur during Caenorhabditis elegans development and two regions of the putative Ced-4 protein product show some similarity to known calcium-binding domains.
Abstract: Mutations in the gene ced-4 block almost all of the programmed cell deaths that normally occur during Caenorhabditis elegans development. We have cloned the ced-4 gene using a ced-4 mutation caused by the insertion of the transposon Tc4. When microinjected into a ced-4 animal, a 4.4 kb DNA fragment derived from the wild-type strain and corresponding to the region of the Tc4 insertion in the mutant ced-4(n1416) rescues the Ced-4 mutant phenotype. The ced-4 gene encodes a 2.2 kb RNA transcript. This mRNA is expressed primarily during embryogenesis, when most programmed cell deaths occur. The Ced-4 protein, as deduced from cDNA and genomic DNA clones, is 549 amino acids in length. Two regions of the putative Ced-4 protein product show some similarity to known calcium-binding domains.

396 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
30 Jan 1987-Cell
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that glucocorticoid induction of transcription results from receptor-mediated establishment of a transcription factor complex at the promoter rather than activation of a preexisting complex.

396 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20229
20211,730
20201,721
20191,686
20181,571
20171,465