Topic
Transcription (biology)
About: Transcription (biology) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 56532 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2952782 citations. The topic is also known as: genetic transcription & transcription, genetic.
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TL;DR: A dramatic difference in the efficiency of removal of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers from the transcribed and nontranscribed strands of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene in cultured hamster and human cells is found and in the 5' flanking region of the human DHFR gene, selective rapid repair occurs in the opposite DNA strand relative to the transcribing strand of the DHFR genes.
1,188 citations
TL;DR: The structure of the COVID-19 virus polymerase essential for viral replication provides a basis for the design of new antiviral drugs that target viral RdRp, also named nsp12, and it appears to be a primary target for the antiviral drug remdesivir.
Abstract: A novel coronavirus (COVID-19 virus) outbreak has caused a global pandemic resulting in tens of thousands of infections and thousands of deaths worldwide. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, also named nsp12) is the central component of coronaviral replication/transcription machinery and appears to be a primary target for the antiviral drug, remdesivir. We report the cryo-EM structure of COVID-19 virus full-length nsp12 in complex with cofactors nsp7 and nsp8 at 2.9-A resolution. In addition to the conserved architecture of the polymerase core of the viral polymerase family, nsp12 possesses a newly identified β-hairpin domain at its N terminus. A comparative analysis model shows how remdesivir binds to this polymerase. The structure provides a basis for the design of new antiviral therapeutics targeting viral RdRp.
1,180 citations
TL;DR: In conclusion, this study provides insights into transcription regulation by three-dimensional chromatin interactions for both housekeeping and cell-specific genes in human cells through widespread promoter-centered intragenic, extragenics, and intergenic interactions.
1,166 citations
TL;DR: This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms whereby the transcriptional activation mediated by the interaction between the ARE and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is regulated.
Abstract: The expression of genes encoding antioxidative and Phase II detoxification enzymes is induced in cells exposed to electrophilic compounds and phenolic antioxidants. Induction of these enzymes is regulated at the transcriptional level and is mediated by a specific enhancer, the antioxidant response element or ARE, found in the promoter of the enzyme's gene. The transcription factor Nrf2 has been implicated as the central protein that interacts with the ARE to activate gene transcription constitutively or in response to an oxidative stress signal. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms whereby the trancriptional activation mediated by the interaction between the ARE and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is regulated. Recent studies suggest that the sequence context of the ARE, the nature of the chemical inducers, and the cell type are important for determining the activity of the enhancer in a particular gene.
1,152 citations
TL;DR: Transcriptionally active nuclear extracts have been prepared from rat liver, brain, and spleen and the adenovirus-2 major late promoter directs efficient transcription by RNA polymerase II in all of these extracts, whereas the promoter of the mouse albumin gene is significantly used only in the liver extract.
1,149 citations