Transgender

About: Transgender is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 13813 publications have been published within this topic receiving 266252 citations. The topic is also known as: transgender & transgender persons.

Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Homeless Youth: An Eight-City Public Health Perspective

Abstract: This article reports on results of a one-day public health survey conducted in six states by homeless youth providers to measure and compare risk factors between lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) homeless youth and non-LGB homeless youth. This article intends to inform the child welfare field on existing gaps in services and areas where more training and technical support is necessary in providing services to homeless LGB youth. The findings point to substantial differences within the homeless youth sample and demonstrate that in addition to the public health risks young people face merely by being homeless, the risks are exacerbated for those who self-identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual. The article informs child welfare providers and policymakers about the substantial vulnerability of LGB youth beyond that of non-LGB homeless youth and the need to fund programming, training, technical assistance and further research to specifically respond to the complex needs of this population. An estimated 1.6 million youth are homeless each year in the United States (Robertson & Toro, 1988). Whitbeck, Chen, Hoyt, Tyler and Johnson (2004) estimate the average percentage of homeless youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) is approximately 20%, with a slightly smaller representation outside of large urban areas. In many cases, these youth are presenting agencies and service systems with very different needs and challenges that deserve attention in policy and program development. Overall, the research indicates multiple public health risk factors associated with youth homelessness. Based on data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (Whitbeck & Hoyt, 1999), repeat runaways were 7 to 12 times more likely to have a history of substance abuse than nonrunaways or those who had run away only once. Kipke, Montgomery, Simon, and Iverson (1997) classify more than 70% of the Los Angeles homeless youth in their sample as having alcohol and/or drug abuse disorders, based on DSM III criteria. Rew, Tayler-Seehafer, and Fitzgerald (2001) report 56.3% of their sample had injected drugs and 46.9% had used inhalants. A study conducted in San Francisco found that one-third of its sample of street youth reported injecting drugs (Clements, Gleghorn, Garcia, Katz, & Marx, 1997). Roy, Haley, Leclerc, Boivin, Cedras, and Vincelette (2001) report that 45.8% of their street youth sample endorsed injecting drugs. In addition to exhibiting high rates of substance abuse, homeless youth reported experiencing high levels of physical and sexual abuse, pervasive mental illness, and high rates of engaging in risky sexual behavior (Bucy & Nichols, 1991; Cauce, Paradise, Ginzler, Embry, Morgan, Lohr, & Theofelis, 2000; Kipke, Montgomery, et al., 1997; Shane, 1991). A national study of 364 homeless adolescents found that 60% of girls and 23% of boys reported sexual abuse before leaving home, 51% reported being physically abused prior to leaving home, and 62% were afraid of being hit (Cauce et al., 2000). Rates of survival sex (the exchange of sex for drugs, money, food, clothing, or shelter) vary dramatically in the literature. Greene, Ennett, and Ringwalt (1999) report 28% of their street youth samples participated in survival sex, whereas Kipke, Unger, O'Connor, Palmer, and LaFrance (1997) estimate this behavior occurs between 16% and 46% of street youth. Yates, MacKenzie, Pennbridge, and Cohen (1988) estimate that approximately 26% of the homeless and runaway youth in their sample were involved in survival sex. A survey of 206 runaways, ages 11-18 and living in New York City (Rotheram-Borus, Meyer-Bahlburg, Koopman, Rosario, Exner, Henderson, Matthieu, & Green, 1992), revealed that among the 80% of sexually active youth, 22% of males and 7% of females engaged in survival sex. Rew (2000) concludes homeless youth were at high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections because high-risk sexual behaviors were reported, including multiple sex partners and survival sex. …

Mirrors, Windows, and Sliding Glass Doors: Exploring the 2020 Rainbow Book List

Abstract: Being familiar with the Rainbow Book List is one easy way for librarians to support the LGBTQ+ community and address the American Library Association’s (ALA) Response to Service for LGBTQ+ People. As stated on their website: “Libraries can serve lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LBGTQ) people by ensuring that this population is reflected in library collections and provided with services at the library. It further states, “As a population which is often the subject of discrimination and harassment, gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people can benefit from the access to information which libraries provide and the sense of community which library programs can help foster. It is important to note that the LGBTQ population is diverse, spanning age groups, ethnic and racial groups, socio-economic groups, and personal identities.”

Legal Protections in Public Accommodations Settings: A Critical Public Health Issue for Transgender and Gender‐Nonconforming People

Abstract: Policy Points: Since 2012, Massachusetts law has provided legal protections against discrimination on the basis of gender identity in employment, housing, credit, public education, and hate crimes. The law does not protect against discrimination based on gender identity in public accommodations settings such as transportation, retail stores, restaurants, health care facilities, and bathrooms. A 2013 survey of Massachusetts transgender and other gender minority adults found that in the past 12 months, 65% had experienced public accommodations discrimination since the law was passed. This discrimination was associated with a greater risk of adverse emotional and physical symptoms in the past 30 days. Nondiscrimination laws inclusive of gender identity should protect against discrimination in public accommodations settings to support transgender people's health and their ability to access health care. Context Gender minority people who are transgender or gender nonconforming experience widespread discrimination and health inequities. Since 2012, Massachusetts law has provided protections against discrimination on the basis of gender identity in employment, housing, credit, public education, and hate crimes. The law does not, however, protect against discrimination in public accommodations (eg, hospitals, health centers, transportation, nursing homes, supermarkets, retail establishments). For this article, we examined the frequency and health correlates of public accommodations discrimination among gender minority adults in Massachusetts, with attention to discrimination in health care settings. Methods In 2013, we recruited a community-based sample (n = 452) both online and in person. The respondents completed a 1-time, electronic survey assessing demographics, health, health care utilization, and discrimination in public accommodations venues in the past 12 months. Using adjusted multivariable logistic regression models, we examined whether experiencing public accommodations discrimination in health care was independently associated with adverse self-reported health, adjusting for discrimination in other public accommodations settings. Findings Overall, 65% of respondents reported public accommodations discrimination in the past 12 months. The 5 most prevalent discrimination settings were transportation (36%), retail (28%), restaurants (26%), public gatherings (25%), and health care (24%). Public accommodations discrimination in the past 12 months in health care settings was independently associated with a 31% to 81% increased risk of adverse emotional and physical symptoms and a 2-fold to 3-fold increased risk of postponement of needed care when sick or injured and of preventive or routine health care, adjusting for discrimination in other public accommodations settings (which also conferred an additional 20% to 77% risk per discrimination setting endorsed). Conclusions Discrimination in public accommodations is common and is associated with adverse health outcomes among transgender and gender-nonconforming adults in Massachusetts. Discrimination in health care settings creates a unique health risk for gender minority people. The passage and enforcement of transgender rights laws that include protections against discrimination in public accommodations—inclusive of health care—are a public health policy approach critically needed to address transgender health inequities.

A Mixed Methods Study of the Sexual Health Needs of New England Transmen Who Have Sex with Nontransgender Men

Abstract: The sexual health of transmen—individuals born or assigned female at birth and who identify as male—remains understudied. Given the increasing rates of HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among gay and bisexual men in the United States, understanding the sexual practices of transmen who have sex with men (TMSM) may be particularly important to promote sexual health or develop focused HIV prevention interventions. Between May and September 2009, 16 transmen who reported sexual behavior with nontransgender men completed a qualitative interview and a brief interviewer-administered survey. Interviews were conducted until redundancy in responses was achieved. Participants (mean age, 32.5, standard deviation [SD] = 11.1; 87.5% white; 75.0% “queer”) perceived themselves at moderately high risk for HIV and STDs, although 43.8% reported unprotected sex with an unknown HIV serostatus nontransgender male partner in the past 12 months. The majority (62.5%) had used the Internet to meet sexual partne...

Suicidality, Self-Harm, and Body Dissatisfaction in Transgender Adolescents and Emerging Adults with Gender Dysphoria.

Abstract: Prevalence of suicide attempts, self-injurious behaviors, and associated psychosocial factors were examined in a clinical sample of transgender (TG) adolescents and emerging adults (n = 96). Twenty-seven (30.3%) TG youth reported a history of at least one suicide attempt and 40 (41.8%) reported a history of self-injurious behaviors. There was a higher frequency of suicide attempts in TG youth with a desire for weight change, and more female-to-male youth reported a history of suicide attempts and self-harm behaviors than male-to-female youth. Findings indicate that this population is at a high risk for psychiatric comorbidities and life-threatening behaviors.