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Transmittance

About: Transmittance is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 21870 publications have been published within this topic receiving 279343 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
Liangbing Hu1, Han Sun Kim, Jung-Yong Lee1, Peter Peumans1, Yi Cui 
28 Apr 2010-ACS Nano
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive study of transparent and conductive silver nanowire (Ag NW) electrodes, including a scalable fabrication process, morphologies, and optical, mechanical adhesion, and flexibility properties, and various routes to improve the performance.
Abstract: We report a comprehensive study of transparent and conductive silver nanowire (Ag NW) electrodes, including a scalable fabrication process, morphologies, and optical, mechanical adhesion, and flexibility properties, and various routes to improve the performance. We utilized a synthesis specifically designed for long and thin wires for improved performance in terms of sheet resistance and optical transmittance. Twenty Ω/sq and ∼80% specular transmittance, and 8 ohms/sq and 80% diffusive transmittance in the visible range are achieved, which fall in the same range as the best indium tin oxide (ITO) samples on plastic substrates for flexible electronics and solar cells. The Ag NW electrodes show optical transparencies superior to ITO for near-infrared wavelengths (2-fold higher transmission). Owing to light scattering effects, the Ag NW network has the largest difference between diffusive transmittance and specular transmittance when compared with ITO and carbon nanotube electrodes, a property which could gr...

1,950 citations

01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: The overall properties of transparent Ag NW electrodes meet the requirements of transparent electrodes for many applications and could be an immediate ITO replacement for flexible electronics and solar cells.
Abstract: We report a comprehensive study of transparent and conductive silver nanowire (Ag NW) electrodes,includingascalablefabricationprocess,morphologies,andoptical,mechanicaladhesion,andflexibility properties, and various routes to improve the performance. We utilized a synthesis specifically designed for long andthinwiresforimprovedperformanceintermsofsheetresistanceandopticaltransmittance.Twenty/sqand 80% specular transmittance, and 8 ohms/sq and 80% diffusive transmittance in the visible range are achieved, whichfallinthesamerangeasthebestindiumtinoxide(ITO)samplesonplasticsubstratesforflexibleelectronics andsolarcells.TheAgNWelectrodesshowopticaltransparenciessuperiortoITOfornear-infraredwavelengths(2- foldhighertransmission).Owingtolightscatteringeffects,theAgNWnetworkhasthelargestdifferencebetween diffusive transmittance and specular transmittance when compared with ITO and carbon nanotube electrodes, a propertywhichcouldgreatlyenhancesolarcellperformance.AmechanicalstudyshowsthatAgNWelectrodeson flexiblesubstratesshowexcellentrobustnesswhensubjectedtobending.Wealsostudytheelectricalconductance ofAgnanowiresandtheirjunctionsandreportafacileelectrochemicalmethodforaAucoatingtoreducethewire- to-wire junction resistance for better overallfilm conductance. Simple mechanical pressing was also found to increasetheNWfilmconductanceduetothereductionofjunctionresistance.Theoverallpropertiesoftransparent Ag NW electrodes meet the requirements of transparent electrodes for many applications and could be an immediate ITO replacement forflexible electronics and solar cells.

1,824 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
24 Jun 2009-ACS Nano
TL;DR: These nanowire films are electromechanically very robust, with all but the thinnest films showing no change in sheet resistance when flexed over >1000 cycles, which makes these films ideal as replacements for indium tin oxide as transparent electrodes.
Abstract: We have used aqueous dispersions of silver nanowires to prepare thin, flexible, transparent, conducting films. The nanowires are of length and diameter close to 6.5 μm and 85 nm, respectively. At low thickness, the films consist of networks but appear to become bulk-like for mean film thicknesses above ∼160 nm. These films can be very transparent with optical transmittance reaching as high as 92% for low thickness. The transmittance (550 nm) decreases with increasing thickness, consistent with an optical conductivity of 6472 S/m. The films are also very uniform; the transmittance varies spatially by typically <2%. The sheet resistance decreases with increasing thickness, falling below 1 Ω/◻ for thicknesses above 300 nm. The DC conductivity increases from 2 × 105 S/m for very thin films before saturating at 5 × 106 S/m for thicker films. Similarly, the ratio of DC to optical conductivity increases with increasing thickness from 25 for the thinnest films, saturating at ∼500 for thicknesses above ∼160 nm. We...

1,530 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an enhanced, numerically stable transmittance matrix approach is developed and is applied to the implementation of the rigorous coupled-wave analysis for surface-relief and multilevel gratings.
Abstract: An enhanced, numerically stable transmittance matrix approach is developed and is applied to the implementation of the rigorous coupled-wave analysis for surface-relief and multilevel gratings. The enhanced approach is shown to produce numerically stable results for excessively deep multilevel surface-relief dielectric gratings. The nature of the numerical instability for the classic transmission matrix approach in the presence of evanescent fields is determined. The finite precision of the numerical representation on digital computers results in insufficient accuracy in numerically representing the elements produced by inverting an ill-conditioned transmission matrix. These inaccuracies will result in numerical instability in the calculations for successive field matching between the layers. The new technique that we present anticipates and preempts these potential numerical problems. In addition to the full-solution approach whereby all the reflected and the transmitted amplitudes are calculated, a simpler, more efficient formulation is proposed for cases in which only the reflected amplitudes (or the transmitted amplitudes) are required. Incorporating this enhanced approach into the implementation of the rigorous coupled-wave analysis, we obtain numerically stable and convergent results for excessively deep (50 wavelengths), 16-level, asymmetric binary gratings. Calculated results are presented for both TE and TM polarization and for conical diffraction.

1,497 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a transfer matrix formalism and a quasianalytical model based on a modal expansion were used to transfer light from the upper surface to the lower one.
Abstract: Transmission metallic gratings with very narrow and deep enough slits can exhibit transmission resonances for wavelengths larger than the period of the grating. By using a transfer matrix formalism and a quasianalytical model based on a modal expansion, we show that there are two possible ways of transferring light from the upper surface to the lower one: by the excitation of coupled surface plasmon polaritons on both surfaces of the metallic grating or by the coupling of incident plane waves with waveguide resonances located in the slits. Both mechanisms can lead to almost perfect transmittance for those particular resonances.

1,300 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023969
20221,941
2021714
2020987
20191,189
20181,091